Universitat Internacional de Catalunya
Instrumentation
Other languages of instruction: Catalan, Spanish
Teaching staff
Email marcgarcia@uic.es (Marc García Font) to request a meeting.
Introduction
The cleaning and shaping of the root canal system is one of the most important stages in endodontics. This subject will provide students with the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to employ the correct technique for cleaning and shaping the root canal system.
Pre-course requirements
No previous requirements.
Objectives
To teach students:
The biological objectives of cleaning and configuration.
The mechanical objectives of instrumentation.
Permeability or "glide path" objectives.
The advantages and disadvantages of the two lines of instrumentation (large apical calibres compared to small apical calibres with wide conicity).
The advantages and disadvantages of stainless steel.
The advantages and disadvantages of nickel titanium.
To know and be able to identify different parts of an instrument.
To define elasticity, flexibility, elastic limit, elastic deformation, shape memory and plastic limit.
To understand the mechanisms that can cause an instrument to fracture.
The causes of fracture through cyclic fatigue and torsion.
To identify the types and causes of deformation that instruments may produce inside the root canal (zip, elbow, stripping, apical perforation, apical transportation).
The importance of instrument design.
The advantages and disadvantages of reciprocating and continuous rotary files.
Competences/Learning outcomes of the degree programme
Students will be expected to:
Develop an ability for self-learning in the development of new instrumental techniques, the acquisition of new scientific concepts and the search for new scientific information.
Argue and defend one’s own scientific ideas as well as to listen, analyse, evaluate and respond to the ideas of others.
Acquire learning skills that allow them to continue studying in a self-directed and autonomous manner.
Understand how to provide a basis or opportunity for originality in developing and/or applying ideas in a research context.
Assume autonomy in developing and applying new technologies in endodontics and in seeking out new scientific information, and acquire the ability to assess and undertake research projects.
Apply acquired knowledge and develop a problem-solving ability in new environments within broader (or multidisciplinary) contexts related to the field of study in question.
Communicate knowledge, conclusions and the essential concepts that support them to specialised and non-specialised audiences in a clear and unambiguous way.
Give presentations of their own clinical cases, based on the literature, using the correct terminology relating to radicular anatomy and the instrumentation of the root canal system.
Plan appropriate root canal treatment.
Identify the material and instruments appropriate for use in endodontics.
Understand and recognise the principles of ergonomics and safety at work (including the control of cross infection, radiation protection and occupational and biological diseases).
Perform correct access openings and locate the entrances to the root canals.
Know all instrumentation techniques, both classic techniques as the latest techniques to appear on the market.
Acquire the scientific criteria to select the instrumentation technique for each case, as well as being constantly up-to-date with their knowledge of novel techniques and instrumentation systems, how they are used, their properties, indications and advantages.
Correctly manage cases with a medium to high level of complexity.
Handle the different angles and radii of curvature of root canals.
Acquire the skill to perform endodontic treatments in root canals with severe curvature.
Know how to solve problems that occur during instrumentation, like zip, elbow, stripping, apical perforation and apical transportation.
Learning outcomes of the subject
Students will be expected to:
Know the principles of the root canal system instrumentation.
Know the implications of the biomechanical preparation in the disinfection and obturation of the canals.
Know the characteristics, applications and techniques of manual and rotary instrumentation.
Know the characteristics and general principles of the continuous and reciprocating rotation systems.
Know the anatomical considerations during the instrumentation of the different root thirds.
Know how instruments behave according to the material used in their manufacture.
Recognise and prevent the causes of fractures of the instruments inside the root canal.
Develop skills for the management of canals with moderate and severe curvatures.
Prevent and manage errors resulting from biomechanical preparation such as: loss of working length, blockage of the root canal system, formation of steps, deviations of the original canal anatomy, apical deformation, lateral perforations or stripping.
Syllabus
Seminars
Principles of Instrumentation
Endodontic Instruments
Nickel Titanium
Components of an instrument
Fracturing of Instruments
Fatigue and Flexibility
Curvature of the Canal
Apical Transportation
Reciprocating Motion
Apical Third Anatomy
Appropriate Cleaning of the Apical Third.
Teaching and learning activities
In person
The course objectives will be achieved through theoretical training seminars which are compulsory to attend. In some sessions students will prepare a summary or presentation based on the articles proposed by the teacher responsible for each seminar.
Evaluation systems and criteria
In person
Written exam consisting of 30 short questions. A mark of 70% is required to pass the exam.
Bibliography and resources
1. Principles of Instrumentation – Pathways of the Pulp 10th edition (pp. 283-296 and 321-325)
2. Endodontic Instruments – Castelluci, Chapter 13 (pp. 356-378)
3. Endodontic Instruments 2- Castelluci, Chapter 18 (pp. 518-522) and Pathways of the Pulp, 10th edition (pp. 305-312)
4. Nickel Titanium - Mastering Endodontic Instrumentation (pp. 10-16)
5. Components of an instrument - Mastering Endodontic Instrumentation (pp. 16-36)
6. Fracture of Instruments - Mastering Endodontic Instrumentation (pp. 39-57)
7. Fatigue and Flexibility - Mastering Endodontic Instrumentation (pp. 58-74)
8. Curvature of the canal - Mastering Endodontic Instrumentation (pp. 97-104)
9. Apical Transportation - Development and sequelae of canal transportation
10. Reciprocating Motion - Yared G et al. IEJ 2008, Bürklein S et al. IEJ 2012, You et al. JOE 2012
11. Reciprocating Motion 2-De-Deus et al. IEJ 2010, Kim et al. JOE 2012, Patiño et al. JOE 2010.
12. Reciprocating Motion 3- Franco et al. JOE 2011, Gambarini et al. IEJ 2012
13. Principles of Instrumentation - Peters JOE 2004, Schilder H 1974
14. Apical Transportation - Duran-Sindreu et al. JOE 2012, García et al. JOE 2012, Gergi R et al. JOE 2010, Javaheri JOE 2007
15. Apical Transportation 2- Iqbal et al. JOE 2010, Baugh et al. JOE 2005
16. Glide Path- Berutti et al. JOE 2009, Alves Vde O et al. JOE 2012
17. Glide Path 2- Patiño et al. JOE 2005, Berutti et al. JOE 2012
18. Ledges - Jafarzadeh et al. JOE 2007, Lambrianidis. Endodontic Topics 2009
19. Fracture of Instruments - Pruett et al. JOE 1997, Wolcott et al. JOE 2006
20. Fracture of Instruments 2- Martín B et al IEJ 2003, Wu et al. JOE 2011, Al-Omari MA et al. OOOE 2010
21. Path File - Siqueira E Topics 2005, Sanchez JA et al. IEJ 2010
The course will be based on the most relevant articles from the journals that have a high impact on Endodontics.