Universitat Internacional de Catalunya
Sleep and Health
Other languages of instruction: Spanish,
Teaching staff
Students may ask lecturers questions at the end of each class. For enquiries outside of class time, students must make an appointment by email:
Mª José Masdeu Margalef (mjmasdeu@uic.es)
Robert Cilveti: rcilveti@uic.es
Introduction
Human beings spend a third of their life sleeping and despite that,sleep nature and disturbances have been ignored in medicine for centuries. Scientific developments have consolidated Sleep Medicine as a subspecialty, within which health professionals from different backgrounds are involved (Pulmonary, Neurology, Neurophisiology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Psychology, Otolaryngology, Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry, nursing and sleep technicians.
The subject “Sleep and Health” wants to introduce medical students to sleep disorders and to promote sleep as a crucial element for health.
Pre-course requirements
Clinical Semiology and Physiopathogenia.
Objectives
Sleep Medicine is a discipline,which is expanding towards the following goals:
- Promote healthy sleep habits among the population. We sleep because of an active physiological process that occurs cyclically every 24 hours. It is indispensable to have healthy sleep, the perfect synchrony between endogenous biological clocks and the social clocks.
- Specialized training for professionals to diagnose and treat sleep disorders efficiently. Sleep disorders are prevalent and associated to a greater risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and cognitive impairment. They can alsocontribute to low academic and work performance, traffic and work accidents, and mood and social disorders.
- Promote investigation to answer open questions. Whydowesleep? How many hours do we need to sleep? Can lost sleep be recovered? Do we dream every night? What do dreams mean?
Specific objectives of the subject are:
- Evaluate influences on the population’s sleep habits and their impact on health.
- Acquire a general overview of sleep physiology and identify sleep disorders and their consequences on health status.
- Recognize technologies used for diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders and their applications.
- Promote healthy sleep habits in different care areas and the general population.
Competences/Learning outcomes of the degree programme
- 09 - Understand and recognize the effects, mechanisms and manifestations of disease on the structure and function of the human body.
- 10 - To understand and recognise the agents and risk factors which determine health status, and learn how they determine the symptoms and natural development of acute or chronic diseases in individuals and populations.
- 11 - Understand and recognize the effects of growth, development and aging on the individual and their social environment.
- CB-2 - To know how to apply and incorporate knowledge, an understanding of it and its scientific basis and the ability to solve problems in new and loosely defined environments, including multidisciplinary contexts that include both researchers and highly specialised professionals.
- CB-7 - To be able to take responsibility for their own professional development and specialisation in one or more fields of study.
Learning outcomes of the subject
Students must be able to:
- Recognize and classify sleephabits and patterns and to identify their impact on health status.
- Know sleep physiology, its mechanisms, interactions and variations.
- Recognize the main sleep disorders and identify the impact on health.
- Identify and differentiate technologies used for diagnostic and therapeutic processes.
- Identify the role of each specialist during the evaluation and treatment of patients with sleep disorders.
- Recognize sleep hygiene measures and promote them to the population and health professionals.
Syllabus
Program is structured in 4 blocs as detailed.
I. SLEEP AS A PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
Class 1. The physiological process of sleep. How, When and Why we sleep
(Master Class)
- What is sleep? Why we sleep? How we sleep?
- Functions and interactions of sleep
- Sleep Medicine as a discipline
Class 2. Chronobiology. The internal clocks of vital rhythms
(Theoretical-practical class)
- Sleep-wake cycle
- Biological clocks
- Circadian systems and disorders
Class 3. Sleep and life habits. The search of healthy sleep
(Master Class)
- Sleep habits
- Relevance of the environment to sleep
- How many hours do we need to sleep?
- Importance of sleep schedules
- Sleep and food
- Sleep and exercise
Class 4. Drugs and sleep. The fragility of sleep and external elements
(Theoretical-practical class)
- Relevance of sleep on drugs efficacy and action
- Impact of drugs and other substances on sleep
- Drugs and other substances restoratives of sleep
Class 5. Relevance of sleep for health status I
(Master Class)
- Sleepiness. Red signal
- Epidemiology of sleep disorders
- Classification of sleep disorders
- Consequences of sleep deprivation
- Sleep and metabolism
- Sleep and cancer
Class 6. Relevance of sleep for health status II
(Theoretical-practical class)
- Consequences of sleep deprivation
- Sleep and cardiovascular system
- Sleep and neurodegenerative diseases
- Sleep and driving
- Sleep and productivity
- Sleep and fertility
II. TECHONOLOGY AND INNOVATION IN SLEEP MEDICINE
Class 7. Technology and innovation. How do we measure sleep?
(Laboratory of simulation and clinical skills)
- Equipment to register sleep
- Basic concepts from sleep studies
- Innovations in Sleep Medicine
- Challenges in Sleep Medicine
III. MAIN SLEEP DISORDERS
Class 8. Sleep and Breathing
(Master Class)
- Interaction sleep and breathing
- Sleep apnea and nocturnal hypoventilation
- Systemic impact of sleep disorders breathing
- Social impact of sleep disorders breathing
Class 9. Sleep and neurocognitive function
(Theoretical-practical class)
- Interaction sleep and brain
- Nightmares, movements and behaviors during sleep
- Dreams. Do they have any meaning?
Class 10. Sleep and children
(Master Class)
- Relevance of sleep during children development
- Main sleep disorders in childhood
Class 11. Sleep and mood
(Theoretical-practical class)
- Interaction sleep and mood
- Sleep and mental disorders
- The king: Insomnia
Class 12. Sleep health of medical students at UIC (Theoretical-practical class)
- Analysis and interpretation of sleep questionnaires of the students
- What did we learn about sleep?
- Did we change any sleep habit?
IV. PRACTICES
- Student's sleep diary (will be done for students at home the first and the last week of the course. Comparative of the impact of class content on student's sleep habits).
- Student's sleep questionnaires (will be done for students first ten minutes of 6 first classes. Description of student's sleep profile).
Teaching and learning activities
Online
We will combine master classes, theoretical-practical class, laboratory of simulation and clinical skills and practices with sleep questionnaires.
We will be combine:
– Master Classes. The theme of the class will be developed, focused on covering the specific objective set at the beginning of the class.
– Case Method in Theoretical-Practical Class format. Using a clinical case, we will explain a primary sleep disorder.
– Virtual Sleep Laboratory. Class where all the technology used in Sleep Medicine will be shown as well as sleep records.
– Practical activities
- The Watchmaker's Workshop. Sleep quality questionnaires. Each student will evaluate the quality and quantity of their sleep with specific questionnaires throughout the course and will see his/hers evolution.
- "Learning Games". Interactive online practices to reinforce concepts.
- Critical and reasoned reading of articles that refer to Sleep Medicine.
- Healthy Sleep Project.We will analyze the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on sleep of the general and health professionals. Students will be write a very simple report with recommendations for a healthy sleep during a period of health exceptionality.
- Recommendations for the general population.
- Specific recommendations for health professionals.
Evaluation systems and criteria
Online
The final grade for the course will be calculated with the following parameters:
– Final exam. 30 multiple choice test questions. Questions of the concepts worked in the classes and reasoned questions type clinical case are included. (50%)
– Attendance and participation. In classroom/online classes and in all the activities carried out during the class. (10%)
– Practical activities.
- Sleep quality questionnaires. (20%)
- Healthy sleep project. (20%)
Final Score: It is necessary to pass the final exam to pass the subject and to calculate the final score.
The final score will be based on a scale 0 to 10.
Qualitative Score: not passed (suspenso), passed (aprobado), good (notable), excellent (excelente) and mark of distintion (matricula de honor)
Second call exam. Those students who fail the exams in first instance will have a second opportunity. The exam will be multiple choice test and the scoring will be used to calculate the final grade.
Exam review system. Exam reviews will be conducted individually with the student and it is necessary a formal written request before a pre-established closing date.
Bibliography and resources
General Bibliography
- Josep Mª Montserrat Canal, Francisco J Puertas Cuesta. Patologíabàsica del sueño. Barcelona. Elsevier 2015
- Sociedad Española del Sueño. Tratado de Medicina del Sueño. Panamericana 2015
- Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC. PrinciplesandPractice of SleepMedicine. Philadelphia. Saunders 2000
- Mª José Jurado Luque. Sueñosaludable: evidencias y guías de actuación. Documentooficial de la Sociedad Española de Sueño. RevNeurol, 2016; 63 (Suplemento 2): S1-S27
During the course,specific bibliographic contents will be provided.
Links of interest
Spanish Society of Sleep Medicine (SES) http://ses.org.es/
Spanish Society of Pulmonary Medicine (SEPAR). Sleep disorders section http://separcontenidos.es/site/?q=node/57
European Sleep Research Societyhttp://www.esrs.eu/
American Academy of SleepMedicinehttp://www.aasmnet.org/
SleepResearchSocietyhttp://www.sleepresearchsociety.org/
NationalSleep Foundation https://sleepfoundation.org/