Universitat Internacional de Catalunya

Physics of Biological Processes

Physics of Biological Processes
6
13478
2
Second semester
FB
PHYSICS AND STATISTICS
Main language of instruction: Spanish

Other languages of instruction: Catalan, English

Teaching staff

Introduction

In the event that the health authorities announce a new period of confinement due to the evolution of the health crisis caused by COVID-19, the teaching staff will promptly communicate how this may effect the teaching methodologies and activities as well as the assessment.


The physics of biological processes connects biology with physics. From a knowledge of the functioning of a biological process or the physiology of the organ or system that performs it, the associated area of physics is revealed, its concepts, parameters and laws that are applied.

The course provides students with a general, basic knowledge of the biological process, the physiology of the organ or system (if necessary) and the physical laws involved. The different topics are developed so that the student has a basic descriptive knowledge of the underlying physical phenomenon and how it affects the biological process. The physical phenomena (sound, vision, ionising radiation, etc.) that have given rise to the technology of medical application are explained in order to understand their basic principles, methodology, the tools that they provide and, where appropriate, the associated basic protection standards.

Objectives

The main objective of this subject is to introduce the student to the characteristics and peculiarities of the physics of biological processes, as well as the damage and benefits that this can cause.

 

Specific objectives

• Connect biological processes with the physical processes that govern them.

• Recognise the physical laws which impact on the basic biological systems, which parameters are important and how they are related to ensure the operation of the process.

• To become familiar with the mathematical expressions that govern the physical processes in order to be able to explain the biological process through its use.

• Relate basic diagnostic or medical therapy technologies to their physical principles and their impact on the biological system (ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, radiology, etc.

• Relate the physical concepts with the correction and improvement equipment that is applied to biological systems that have structural or functional defects (visual, hearing correction systems, etc.)

• Show the effects that physical phenomena used in medical technology can have on biological systems and, where appropriate, what protection mechanisms should be applied (protection against ionising and non-ionising radiation, etc.

Develop in a physics laboratory. Become familiar with the measuring instruments. Interpret schemes and turn them into real experiments. Take results, evaluate them, draw conclusions about them, evaluate errors and their management and translate the results into scientific writings: technical reports, scientific posters, scientific articles, scientific and audiovisual presentations.

 

  What do you want to do ? New mailCopy

Competences/Learning outcomes of the degree programme

Among others, the student will be able to:

• Know how to apply the principles of physics and mathematics related to basic biological processes.

• Develop the organization and planning capacity appropriate to the moment.

Knowing how to use and manage the measurement equipment used to obtain results of the physical parameters that govern biological processes.

Knowing how to use and manage the measurement equipment used to obtain results of the physical parameters that govern biological processes.

• To be able to teamwork.

To be able to transfer experimental results to scientific documentation.

• Be able to carry out autonomous learning.

  What do you want to do ? New mailCopy

Learning outcomes of the subject

At the end of the course, the student:

• Understands the basic concepts of physics and applies them to solving biological problems at different levels of organisation.

Syllabus

Unit 1. Physics of ionising radiation. Basic theoretical base. Interaction radiation matter. Effects. Detection. Basic applications in medical diagnostic and therapy technologies. Radiological protection against ionising radiation.

Unit 2. Physics of vision. Description of the human vision system. Nature of light. Light phenomena. Geometric optics, optical instruments and photometry. Resolution power. Visual defects and correction. The eye as a transducer.

Unit 3. Physics of the circulatory system. Basic description of the system. Principles of fluid statics and dynamics. Laminar and turbulent flow. Application to the vascular system. Effects of gravity on the vascular system.

Unit 4. Physics of the respiratory system. Basic description of the system. Breathing and interaction with the external environment. Respiratory mechanics. Superficial tension in the pulmonary environment, characteristics and effects. Honeycomb diffusion.

Unit 5. Physics of hearing and phonation. Description of the auditory system and the phonation system. Mechanics of hearing and phonation. Physics of wave phenomena. Physics of sound waves. Sound characteristics. Sensation levels, decibel system, audiometry and audible spectrum. Medical applications: ultrasound and shock waves.

Unit 6. Physics of bioelectric and magnetic phenomena. Review of concepts of electrostatics, direct and alternating current. Review of concepts of magnetism. Basic applications in medical diagnostic technologies: nuclear magnetic resonance, foundations, equipment, types of basic image and spectrography.

   

Teaching and learning activities

In person



The teaching resources used in this subject are the following:

Master Class (CM): Two-hour presentation (with a 10-minute break) on a theoretical topic by the teacher with audio-visual support based on presentations projected from the computer. The student will have the contents in advance through the internal computer network.

Case Method (CM): Depending on the topic to be dealt with, problem solving activities or specific development activities for areas covered in the master classes will be presented. Work in small groups will be encouraged. Students will know in advance to which group they are assigned and the issues or problems. In class and for a short time, they will present the solution for the problem or topic with the help of the available audio-visual support. The students will hand in the work for assessment.

Practice (P): Familiarisation of the students with the basic techniques of work and manipulation of measurement equipment in the field of physics. Demonstration in the laboratory of some aspects raised in the master classes. Consolidation by practising the most important aspects covered in the theoretical classes. The students are organised in small groups to carry out the practice. Each group must present a different type of work for each practice: written report , scientific poster, scientific article, oral presentation or other type of proposal that the students can make. These works will be presented in a period not exceeding two weeks after the practice in the appropriate format. Oral presentations will be made within the case method class.

Virtual Education (VE): Certain contents, either because they cannot be accessed by other means, or due to an eminently suitable electronic medium, will be made available to students from any computer. For each topic, they will be provided with a list of recommended readings as well as audiovisual resources available on the internet and considered to be of interest to complement the theoretical classes or the case methods.

 

Evaluation systems and criteria

In person



Attendance at lectures and case methods is not compulsory.

Attendance at practice is mandatory. Non-attendance, due to health or force majeure, must be justified in writing.

Attendance will be taken by means of a signature for the case methods and practices.

 

Students in first sitting:

The final mark for the course will be calculated by adding the marks of:

• 10% of the final mark will consist of the assessment of attendance and participation in class, case methods and practices. Class participation is understood to be a positive and active attitude, the contribution of new and interesting concepts, as well as answering questions posed by the teacher or by other students in class.

• Practical mark: 20% (compulsory attendance to pass the whole subject, presentation of all the reports on the practice, unjustified non-attendance or non-presentation of the reports affect the overall mark for the practice).

• Mark for the case methods: 20% (compulsory attendance to pass the whole subject, presentation of all the work relating to the case methods, unjustified non-attendance or non-presentation of the work will affect the overall mark for the case methods).

• Exam note: 50%.

 

o Exam: first mid-term (March) and second mid-term or final (June).

* First mid-term examination in early March. It will consist of a multiple-choice test, and written test on a topic or problem solving. The marks for the test and the written part have the same weighting. The examination will last approximately 70-90 minutes.

- If the first mid-term exam is passed (a mark of 5 or higher):

- This knowledge is excluded from the final exam.

- The June exam will represent the second part (subjects taught from the date immediately following the completion of the first part).

 

If the mid-term exam is not passed (mark less than 5, including 4.99):

- There is no exclusion of content.

- The June exam will have two parts:

     Second partial mid-term (same time for all students)

     Repetition of first mid-term test (modified). Extra time will be available for this.

 

*Second mid-term at the beginning of June. It will consist of a multiple-choice type test, and a written test on a topic or problem solving. The marks for the test and the written part carry the same weight. The exam will last approximately 70-90 minutes.

- Repetition of the first mid-term if this is not passed in March. The exam will last approximately 40 minutes.

 

The final mark for the exam will be the average of the two mid-terms or the second midterm and repetition of the first as long as the mark for each of the two partials is greater than or equal to 5. If the mark of one of the partials is less than 5 the student must re-sit the exam in the same format but with the overall subject.

 

Students in second or subsequent sitting:

The mark for participation and attitude in class, case methods and practice will be saved, although, whenever they wish, students may attend the class again and obtain a new mark. On the other hand, students in a re-sit will take the overall final exam. The final mark for the course will be arrived at based on the criteria for the first sitting.

 

General points to bear in mind about the assessment system:

1. In the second part of the exam, a minimum mark of 5 must be obtained in order to be able to be averaged with the continuous assessment marks (case methods, attitude, practice and mid-term).

2. In the second part of the exam and re-sit of the first part, a minimum mark of 5 must be obtained in each one in order to be able to be averaged with the continuous assessment marks (case methods, attitude, practice and mid-term).

3. The test part of the exams will be questions with 4 answer options, counting +1 for the correct answers and -0.25 for the errors.

4. In the exams, the questions, topics to be developed or problems will mainly cover the material presented in the classroom, both in the master classes and in the case methods, as well as in the practice. However, there will be a minority of questions which cover the recommended bibliography, articles and recommended audiovisual material.

5. Class participation is understood as the contribution of interesting ideas or the raising of pertinent questions that help to improve the quality of the session, whether it is a master classes or case methods.

6. Class attendance:

• Regular attendance at theory classes is recommended.

• Attendance at master classes is not compulsory but attendees will have to abide by the rules indicated by the teachers.

• Attendance at case methods is mandatory as it is evaluated. For this assessment students must present the corresponding work.

• Attendance at practice is mandatory as they are also evaluated. Once again, the corresponding reports must be presented for the assessment.

• Failure to attend the case methods or practices must be due to health or more important reasons and must be justified.

 Misuse of electronic devices such as mobiles, tablets or laptops may lead to expulsion from class. Improper use is understood as the recording and dissemination of both students and teachers during the different lessons as well as the use of these devices for recreational and non-educational purposes.

  What do you want to do ? New mailCopy

Bibliography and resources

• Jearl Walker. Halliday & Resnick. Fundamentals of Physics, 10th edition. Ed Wiley, 2014

• P. A. Tipler. Physics, Volume I and II. Editoria Reverté

• D. Jou, J.E. Llebot and C. Pérez. Physics for life sciences. Second edition. Ed. Mc Graw Hill 2008

• Rachel A. Powsner & Edward R. Powsner. Essential Nuclear Medicine Physics. Second Edition. Ed. Blackwell Publising, 2008

• Steward C. Bushong. Radiology manual for technicians, physics, biology and radiological protection. Eighth edition. Ed Elsevier-Mosby.

• PR. Hoskins, A. Thrush, K. Martin, T A. Whittingham. Diagnostics Ultrasound, Physics and Equipment. Ed. Greenwich Medical Media Limited, 2003

• Steward C. Bushong. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Physical and Biological Principles, 3rd. Ed Mosby, 2003

 

The audiovisual and web resources recommended in each topic will be indicated in a document that will be posted on each topic.

Evaluation period

E: exam date | R: revision date | 1: first session | 2: second session:
  • E1 31/05/2021 I3 18:00h
  • E2 23/06/2021 16:00h