Universitat Internacional de Catalunya

Physics of Biological Processes

Physics of Biological Processes
6
13478
2
Second semester
FB
PHYSICS AND STATISTICS
Main language of instruction: Spanish

Other languages of instruction: Catalan, English

Teaching staff

Introduction

The physics of biological processes connects biology with physics. From a knowledge of the functioning of a biological process or the physiology of the organ or system that performs it, the associated area of physics is revealed, its concepts, parameters and laws that are applied.

The course provides students with a general, basic knowledge of the biological process, the physiology of the organ or system (if necessary) and the physical laws involved. The different topics are developed so that the student has a basic descriptive knowledge of the underlying physical phenomenon and how it affects the biological process. The physical phenomena (sound, vision, ionising radiation, etc.) that have given rise to the technology of medical application are explained in order to understand their basic principles, methodology, the tools that they provide and, where appropriate, the associated basic protection standards.

Objectives

The main objective of this subject is to introduce the student to the characteristics and peculiarities of the physics of biological processes, as well as the damage and benefits that this can cause.

 

Specific objectives

• Connect biological processes with the physical processes that govern them.

• Recognise the physical laws which impact on the basic biological systems, which parameters are important and how they are related to ensure the operation of the process.

• To become familiar with the mathematical expressions that govern the physical processes in order to be able to explain the biological process through its use.

• Relate basic diagnostic or medical therapy technologies to their physical principles and their impact on the biological system (ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, radiology, etc.

• Relate the physical concepts with the correction and improvement equipment that is applied to biological systems that have structural or functional defects (visual, hearing correction systems, etc.)

• Show the effects that physical phenomena used in medical technology can have on biological systems and, where appropriate, what protection mechanisms should be applied (protection against ionising and non-ionising radiation, etc.

Develop in a physics laboratory. Become familiar with the measuring instruments. Interpret schemes and turn them into real experiments. Take results, evaluate them, draw conclusions about them, evaluate errors and their management and translate the results into scientific writings: technical reports, scientific posters, scientific articles, scientific and audiovisual presentations.

 

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Competences/Learning outcomes of the degree programme

Among others, the student will be able to:

• Know how to apply the principles of physics and mathematics related to basic biological processes.

• Develop the organization and planning capacity appropriate to the moment.

Knowing how to use and manage the measurement equipment used to obtain results of the physical parameters that govern biological processes.

Knowing how to use and manage the measurement equipment used to obtain results of the physical parameters that govern biological processes.

• To be able to teamwork.

To be able to transfer experimental results to scientific documentation.

• Be able to carry out autonomous learning.

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Learning outcomes of the subject

At the end of the course, the student:

• Understands the basic concepts of physics and applies them to solving biological problems at different levels of organisation.

Syllabus

Unit 1. Physics of the circulatory system. Basic description of the system. Principles of fluid statics and dynamics. Laminar and turbulent flow. Application to the vascular system. Effects of gravity on the vascular system. Physics of the respiratory system. Basic description of the system. Breathing and interaction with the external environment. Respiratory mechanics. Surface tension in the pulmonary medium, characteristics and effects. alveolar diffusion.

Unit 2. Physics of vision. Description of the human vision system. Nature of light. light phenomena. Geometric optics, optical instruments and photometry. resolution power. Visual defects and correction. The eye as transducer.

Unit 3. Physics of hearing and phonation. Description of the auditory system and the phonation system. Mechanics of hearing and phonation. Physics of wave phenomena. Physics of sound waves. Sound characteristics. Sensation levels, decibel system, audiometry and audible spectrum. Medical applications: ultrasound and shock waves.

Unit 4. Physics of ionizing radiation. Basic theoretical base. Interaction radiation matter. Effects. Detection. Basic applications in medical diagnosis and therapy technologies. Radiological protection against ionizing radiation.

Unit 5. Physics of bioelectric and magnetic phenomena. Review of concepts of electrostatics, direct and alternating current. Review of concepts of magnetism. Basic applications in diagnostic medical technologies: nuclear magnetic resonance, fundamentals, equipment, types of basic images and spectrography.

Teaching and learning activities

In person



The teaching resources used in this subject are the following:


Master Class (CM): Exhibition for two hours (with a 10-minute break) of a theoretical topic by the teacher with audio-visual support based on presentations projected from the computer. The student will have the contents in advance through the internal computer network.
Case method (MC): Depending on the topic to be addressed, problem-solving activities or specific development activities of areas set forth in the master classes are proposed. In the classroom and for a short time, the resolution of the problem or topic will be presented with the help of the available audio-visual support. The students will submit the works for evaluation through moodle before the end of the day in which the MC is developed.
Practices (P): Familiarization of students with the basic techniques of work and handling of measurement equipment in the field of physics. Demonstration in the laboratory of some aspects raised in the master classes. Consolidation through practice of the most important aspects dealt with in the theoretical classes. The students are organized in small groups for the development of the practice. Each group must carry out the work and activities of the practice that will be delivered at the end of each practice for evaluation. In some cases, the presentation will be allowed in a period not exceeding two weeks after the completion of the practice.
Continuous assessment exercises (CE): As a complement to the master classes and the MC, each week activities such as problems, questionnaires or other types of tasks related to the topic developed in the master class will be proposed. These works are of an individual nature and must be presented through the moodle platform before the next master class. These works will be evaluated.

Evaluation systems and criteria

In person



Attendance at master classes is not compulsory.

Attendance at the case methods and practices is mandatory. Failure to attend, due to health reasons or force majeure, must be justified in writing.

An attendance control will be carried out by signature in the methods of the case and in the practices.

 

First call students:

The final mark of the subject will be calculated by adding the marks of:

Continuous assessment mark: 10% of the final mark will consist of continuous assessment through participation and continuous assessment exercises. Participation in class is understood as a positive and active attitude, the contribution of new and interesting concepts, the collaboration between students and answers to questions posed by the teacher or by other students in class.


Practice mark: 20% of the final mark. Attendance is compulsory to pass the global practices as well as the presentation of all the works corresponding to the practices. The unjustified non-attendance or the non-presentation of the works will penalize with the loss of the global mark of the practices, that is, the mark of practices will be zero.
Note of the methods of the case: 20% of the final note. The non-presentation of the works will penalize with the loss of the global note of the methods of the case, that is, the note of methods of the case will be zero.
Exam grade: 50% of the final grade.

Exam: first partial (March) and second partial or final (May-June).
▪ First partial. At the end of March. It will consist of a multiple choice test (correct answer 1 point, incorrect -0.25 points) and a test written on paper to develop topics or solve problems. The weighting of marks is 60% for the multiple choice test and 40% for the written test. Time to complete the exam 60 + 40 minutes in total.

▪ If the first partial exam is passed (mark greater than or equal to 5):

▪ Matter is released.

▪ Second partial. At the end of May (subject taught from the date immediately after the completion of the first partial). It will consist of a multiple choice test (correct answer 1 point, incorrect -0.25 points) and a written test in role of topic development or problem solving. The weighting of marks is 60% for the multiple choice test and 40% for the written test. Time to complete the exam 60 + 40 minutes in total.

 

▪ If the first partial exam is not passed (mark less than 5, including 4.99):

▪ No matter is released.

▪ The May exam will have two parts:

▪ Second partial. At the end of May or beginning of June. It will consist of a multiple choice test (correct answer 1 point, incorrect answer -0.25 points) and a written test of topic development or problem solving. The weighting of the grade will be 60% of the test grade and 40% of the written part. Time to complete the exam will be 60 + 40 minutes.
▪ Repetition of the first part (modified). It will consist of a multiple choice test (correct answer 1 point, incorrect -0.25 points) and a test written on paper to develop topics or solve problems. The weighting of marks is 60% for the multiple choice test and 40% for the written test. Time to complete the exam 60 + 40 minutes in total.

The final mark of the exam will be the average of the two partials or of the second partial and repetition of the first as long as the mark of each of the two partials is greater than or equal to 5. If the mark of one of the partials does not exceed the 5 the student will have to appear in second call to an exam with the same format but of the global one of the subject.

Students in second or subsequent call:

The notes of continuous assessment exercises, case methods and practices will be saved, although whenever they wish, students can repeat the completion of the same and obtain a new note. On the other hand, students in the second call will take a global final exam. The final mark of the subject will be prepared following the criteria of the first call.

General points to bear in mind about the assessment system:

1. In the second part of the exam, a minimum mark of 5 must be obtained in order to be able to be averaged with the continuous assessment marks (case methods, attitude, practice and mid-term).

2. In the second part of the exam and re-sit of the first part, a minimum mark of 5 must be obtained in each one in order to be able to be averaged with the continuous assessment marks (case methods, attitude, practice and mid-term).

3. The test part of the exams will be questions with 4 answer options, counting +1 for the correct answers and -0.25 for the errors.

4. In the exams, the questions, topics to be developed or problems will mainly cover the material presented in the classroom, both in the master classes and in the case methods, as well as in the practice. However, there will be a minority of questions which cover the recommended bibliography, articles and recommended audiovisual material.

5. Class participation is understood as the contribution of interesting ideas or the raising of pertinent questions that help to improve the quality of the session, whether it is a master classes or case methods.

6. Class attendance:

• Regular attendance at theory classes is recommended.

• Attendance at master classes is not compulsory but attendees will have to abide by the rules indicated by the teachers.

• Attendance at case methods is mandatory as it is evaluated. For this assessment students must present the corresponding work.

• Attendance at practice is mandatory as they are also evaluated. Once again, the corresponding reports must be presented for the assessment.

• Failure to attend the case methods or practices must be due to health or more important reasons and must be justified.

 Misuse of electronic devices such as mobiles, tablets or laptops may lead to expulsion from class. Improper use is understood as the recording and dissemination of both students and teachers during the different lessons as well as the use of these devices for recreational and non-educational purposes.

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Bibliography and resources

• Jearl Walker. Halliday & Resnick. Fundamentals of Physics, 10th edition. Ed Wiley, 2014

• P. A. Tipler. Physics, Volume I and II. Editoria Reverté

• D. Jou, J.E. Llebot and C. Pérez. Physics for life sciences. Second edition. Ed. Mc Graw Hill 2008

• Rachel A. Powsner & Edward R. Powsner. Essential Nuclear Medicine Physics. Second Edition. Ed. Blackwell Publising, 2008

• Steward C. Bushong. Radiology manual for technicians, physics, biology and radiological protection. Eighth edition. Ed Elsevier-Mosby.

• PR. Hoskins, A. Thrush, K. Martin, T A. Whittingham. Diagnostics Ultrasound, Physics and Equipment. Ed. Greenwich Medical Media Limited, 2003

• Steward C. Bushong. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Physical and Biological Principles, 3rd. Ed Mosby, 2003

 

The audiovisual and web resources recommended in each topic will be indicated in a document that will be posted on each topic.

Evaluation period

E: exam date | R: revision date | 1: first session | 2: second session:
  • E1 30/05/2022 A16 16:00h