Universitat Internacional de Catalunya
Biomedical Devices and Bioengineering
Other languages of instruction: Catalan, Spanish
Teaching staff
Introduction
This course will provide the principles of operation of the most frequently used electronic instruments in the medical field, whether in a hospital environment, dental clinic or physiotherapy rehabilitation room.
It will also provide notions of the general safety standards for equipment used in medical practice, in addition to the particular standards for each piece of equipment.
Pre-course requirements
There is no requirement to have taken previous degree courses.
Objectives
Obtain an overview of the principles and methods of measurement used in biomedical equipment.
Provide examples of monitoring, diagnostic, therapeutic and replacement equipment in different medical areas (medicine, nursing, physiotherapy, dentistry...).
To provide criteria for understanding and critically analysing the specifications of biomedical equipment.
To know how to evaluate different technological alternatives and to be able to develop ideas for new electronic instruments with medical applications.
Competences/Learning outcomes of the degree programme
CB1 - Students have demonstrated possession and understanding of knowledge in an area of study that builds on the foundation of general secondary education, and is usually at a level that, while relying on advanced textbooks, also includes some aspects that involve knowledge from the cutting edge of their field of study.
CB2 - Students are able to apply their knowledge to their work or vocation in a professional manner and possess the competences usually demonstrated through the development and defence of arguments and problem solving within their field of study.
CB3 - Students have the ability to gather and interpret relevant data (usually within their area of study) in order to make judgements that include reflection on relevant social, scientific or ethical issues.
SC13 - Identify, understand and use the principles of electronics, sensors, conditioners and biomedical signal acquisition systems.
SC17 - Be able to identify engineering concepts that can be applied in the field of biology and health.
GC3 - Have the ability to learn new methods and theories and be versatile in adapting to new situations.
GC4 - Solve problems with initiative, decision-making, creativity, critical reasoning and communication and transmission of knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of bioengineering.
CT3 - Knowing how to communicate orally and in writing with other people about the results of learning, the development of thought and decision-making; participating in debates on subjects in one's own speciality.
TC5 - Make solvent use of information resources. Manage the acquisition, structuring, analysis and visualisation of data and information in the field of specialisation and critically assess the results of this management.
Learning outcomes of the subject
At the end of the course, students will be able to:
Understand all the areas where a biomedicine graduate can collaborate with engineering specialities.
Be familiar with electronic devices that can be found in professional life and their basic functionalities.
Be able to calculate the basic parameters of measuring instruments and be able to classify them.
Understand the health risks involved in these devices and the requirements to ensure that they do not represent a danger to public health.
Syllabus
Block 1: Basic concepts of biomedical instrumentation.
- Basic definitions
- General structure of a measurement system
- Main human physiological parameters: range and typical values
- Historical review-Classification of biomedical instrumentation.
Block 2: Basic sensors and transducers in biomedicine.
- Electrobiological phenomena
- Biomedical electrodes: Equivalent circuit and electrode behaviour.
Block 3: Diagnostic equipment, monitoring and replacement. Classification by systems
- Cardiovascular system
Blood pressure measurements
Cardiac flow, flow rate and cardiac output measurements
Auscultation and sonocardiography
ECG
Blood gas measurements
Defibrillator and/or cardioverter
Cardiac pacing, pacemaker
- Respiratory system
Respiratory flow and respiratory volume
Spirometry, rhinometry, impedance plethysmography and impedance cardiography
Oximetry, capnographs
Temporary replacement systems: Respirators
- Neurological system
Brain biopotentials: EEG
Magnetoencelography
Brain stimulation: electroshock
- Muscular system
EMG
- Digestive and excretory system
Electrogastrogram
Oesophageal motility analysers
Urodynamic analysers
Block 4: Surgical and therapeutic equipment
- Anaesthesiology
Anaesthesia and analgesia
Sub-modes of delivery
Control parameters
Anaesthetic gases and ventilator delivery
Open, closed and semi-closed systems
Monitoring of anaesthetic gases and anaesthetic brain planes
Intravenous anaesthesia
Anaesthetic gas evacuation systems
- Surgical
Electrosurgical scalpel, ultrasonic scalpel
Electro Cautery
Cardiac ablation
Laser applications
Lithotripsy
Return faults
Isolated vs. grounded output
Electromagnetic interference
Flammable or explosive substances
- Neonatology
The premature infant
Controlled environment
Incubators, servo cots and radiant incubators
Typical circuits
- Clinical analysis
General: concept, processes, samples to be analysed
Minimum equipment according to speciality
Accessories
Minimum personal protective equipment
- Physiotherapy
Electrostimulation: iontophoresis, electroanalgesia, other uses and equipment
- Dentistry
Endodontic and periodontal instruments: Apical locator, Micromotor, Electronic periodontal probe
General dentistry: Intraoral photography, Turbine, contra-angle and handpiece, Cavitron
X-ray instrumentation: Captor, Orthopantomography, Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)
Implants and prosthesis: Osstell, Intraoral Scanner
Block 5: Safety of electrical equipment
- Physiological effects of electrical current
- Macroshock, microshock
- Associated risks, factors that increase risks
- Standards, general concepts
- Applicable standards according to measurement system (respiratory, cardiovascular, anaesthesia, renal, neonatology...)
Teaching and learning activities
In person
In addition to the master classes (theory) necessary to acquire the basic concepts of electronic instrumentation, compulsory group practicals are carried out, focused on working on the concepts and medical equipment given in class.
Interdisciplinary master classes will be held in collaboration with specialists from other degrees at our university: dentistry, nursing and physiotherapy.
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Evaluation systems and criteria
In person
The student's grade will be:
First call
Final Grade = 0,4 Final Exam + 0,3 Midterm Exam + 0,3 Practical/Class Work
Second sitting
Final Grade = 0,6 Second Round Exam + 0,4 Practicals/Class Work
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS:
- The minimum mark for the partial exam will be a 4 in order to average with the rest of the continuous assessment.
- The minimum mark for the final exam (both 1st and 2nd call) will be a 4.5 in order to make an average with the rest of the continuous assessment.
- Repeating students will have to retake all the activities.
- Foreign and exchange students (Erasmus and others) will be subject to the same conditions as the rest of the students.
This is particularly relevant with regard to the timetable, exam dates and the evaluation system.
Important considerations:
- Plagiarism, copying or any other action that could be considered cheating will result in a zero in that section of the evaluation. Doing so in the exams will result in immediate failure of the subject.
- In the second sitting the grade of "Honours" cannot be obtained, so the maximum grade will be "Excellent".
- No changes will be accepted in the timetable, dates of exams or in the evaluation system.
- Exchange students (Erasmus and others) or repeaters will be subject to the same conditions as the rest of the students.
Bibliography and resources
|
Titulo |
The Biomedical Engineering Handbook |
|
Autor |
J.D. Bronzino |
|
Editor |
CRC/IEEE Press, 1995 |
|
ISBN |
0-8493-2122-0 |
|
No. de páginas |
1404 páginas |
|
Titulo |
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design, 4th Edition |
|
Autor |
John G. Webster |
|
Editor |
Wiley Global Education, 2009 |
|
ISBN |
1118312856, 9781118312858 |
|
No. de páginas |
713 páginas |
|
Titulo |
Design of Medical Electronic Devices |
|
Autor |
Reinaldo Perez |
|
Editor |
Academic Press |
|
ISBN |
9780125507110, 0125507119 |
|
No. de páginas |
296 páginas |
Evaluation period
- E1 19/01/2021 A08 16:00h