Gerodontology
Main language of instruction: Spanish
Other languages of instruction: Catalan, English
Head instructor
Dra. Belisa OLMO - b.olmo@uic.es
Office hours
Monday at 15 p.m. By appointment via e-mail to the lecturer: b.olmo@uic.es
Gerodontology is the area of dentistry concerned with the ageing of the oral cavity. The discipline deals with the various methods for preventing, detecting and treating bucodental disease and for promoting oral health among the elderly.
There are no prerequisites.
General objectives:
A. To provide the student with the knowledge, skills and aptitudes required for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of anomalies and diseases of the teeth, mouth, maxilla and tissues of the elderly patient.
B. To train the student in the scientific method applied to the study, evaluation and solving of dental health problems.
C. To prepare the student for future professional self-development.
D. To train the student towards eventual specialisation, research or teaching.
Intermediate objectives:
The intermediate goals of Gerodontology may be summarised as follows:
1. To acquire the skills and attitudes needed for the clinical screening of the elderly patient. To obtain and assess clinical, radiographic and complementary data of the elderly patient and undertake a diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic approach to the patient’s bucodental health condition.
2. To distinguish the characteristics of the diagnosis and therapeutic approach in personalised dental care for the elderly patient.
3. To identify and describe the etiological and risk agents of oral diseases in elderly patients.
4. To train students to perform the main treatment methods and techniques, and in the control and prevention of oral diseases collectively for elderly patients.
5. To master the individual and community educational techniques for elderly patients.
6. To train the student to describe the oral health condition and the dental treatment needs of the different groups of elderly patients.
7. To know and describe the different groups of elderly patients pursuant to their capabilities, their degree of dependency, their social environment and their place of residence.
8. To know the different public health programmes designed for the dental care of the group of elderly patients.
9. Know the management of anxiety through drugs and sedation with nitrous oxide in the elderly patient
UNIT 1 DIFFERENTIAL ASPECTS OF THE ELDERLY'S MEDICAL HISTORY
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Know the concepts of "Healthy Aging" and "Active Aging"
• Assess macro and microscopic differences at the level of tooth, periodonto, ATM, oral mucosa, sense organs, oral musculature and salivary glands between the elderly patient and the rest of the population.
UNIT 2 PHYSIOLOGY OF Aging
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Know concepts related to health: illness, health, well-being and quality of life, disability.
• Know the biomedical, social and biopsychosocial models of disease.
• Know concepts related to the life cycle: maturity, aging, life expectancy, longevity.
• Know the main theories that explain aging.
• Assess the requirements of "physiological" aging versus "pathological" aging.
• Know the impact of physiological aging on the different systems of the organism.
UNIT 3 DERMATOLOGICAL AND MUCOUS LESIONS IN THE ELDERLY
UNIT 3.1 MUCOUS LESIONS
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Know the variants of normality in the mucosa of the elderly.
• Differentiate the morphology of elemental mucosal lesions.
• Distinguish injuries caused by mechanical, ytrogenic or poorly fitted prosthetic agents.
• Distinguish injuries caused by tobacco, alcohol, medications in the mucosa of the elderly patient.
• Distinguish the most common viral, bacterial or fungal lesions in the elderly.
• Know the cancerous and precancerous lesions of highest prevalence.
UNIT 3.2 ORAL MYCOSIS
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Know the different types of pathogenic action that fungi can develop.
• Know what conditions are that in the elderly patient favor the development of fungi in general and thrush in particular.
• Know the clinic and forms of oral thrush. Prosthetic stomatitis.
• Know the diagnostic and treatment means of oral thrush.
UNIT 4 OROFACIAL PAIN IN THE ELDERLY
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Classification of pain of oral origin.
• Characteristics of the different types of oral pain that have the highest prevalence in the elderly.
UNIT 5 PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY IN THE ELDERLY
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Know the specific differential aspects in the use of drugs by the elderly.
• Assess the action of drugs in the body of the elderly.
• Know the factors that modify the response, distribution, absorption, metabolism and elimination of drugs.
• Know the adverse reactions to drugs (RAM), their types and the main producers.
• Recognize the most common manifestations of RAM in the elderly.
• Assess the meaning of drug interactions.
• Know the general principles of pharmacological prescription in the elderly and their routes of administration.
UNIT 6 PSYCHOGERIATRY AND PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Know the types and treatments of anxiety disorders.
• Know the characteristics of affective disorders in old age.
• Know the characteristics of cognitive disorders in old age
• Know the characteristics of paranoid disorders in old age.
• Know the characteristics of dyskinesia and its repercussions.
• Assess the faculties that may affect the development of dental treatment.
• Know the impact of substance abuse.
• Know the impact of insomnia on the elderly.
• Know and rate antidepressants and their effects.
• Know and value the effect of anxiolytics and hypnotics.
• Know and assess the effect of neuroleptics.
• Know the specificities of dental tto in patients with dementia disorders.
UNIT 7 RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY IN THE ELDERLY PATIENT
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Know the specificities of preparations in the elderly.
• Know the specificities of periapical octopus pathologies in the elderly and their treatment.
• Know the implications of yatrogenic factors and suddenness wear and tear in the elderly patient.
• Know the clinical and treatment aspects that are important in the endodontics of the elderly patient.
UNIT 8 SOCIOLOGY OF Aging
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Know the heterogeneity of classification by age group of elderly patient.
• Know the demographic aspects of old age in our country.
• Assess problems related to the economy, retirement and economic benefit systems in the elderly.
• Conceptualize "active aging".
• Assess the cross-cutting determinants related to health, behavioral, personal and physical systems in active aging.
• Recognize the challenges that an ageing population creates for society.
UNIT 9 Aging AND NUTRITION
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Know the implications of variations in body composition in the elderly patient.
• Understand the physical changes that condition a different diet.
• Know the influence of physical activity and psychosocial and health changes on nutrition.
• Know the minimum nutritional needs of the elderly patient.
• Know the nutritional needs of the elderly patient in special pathological situations.
UNIT 10 XEROSTOMY
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Know the pathophysiology of saliva.
• Assess the factors that modify salivary flow.
• Know age-specific salivary changes.
• Assess drug-induced salivary changes.
• Describe the drugs that most commonly produce xerostomy.
• Know the diseases that are associated with xerostomy.
• Know the clinic and diagnostic tests of xerostomy.
• Treat xerostomy symptomatically and specifically.
UNIT 11 PHARMACOLOGY APPLIED TO THE ELDERLY
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Know the management and interactions of the main drugs of use among older adult patients.
• Assess the side effects of transcendence in dentistry of the most commonly used drugs among the elderly.
• Know the pharmacological management of anxiety and sedation techniques with nitrous oxide.
UNIT 12 CARIES IN THE ELDERLY
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Know the epidemiological characteristics of cavities in the elderly patient.
• Assess the factors related to the etiology of root de cavities and the positive predictive factors associated with it.
• Describe ways to diagnose and classify root de cavities.
• Differentiate between active and inactive root de cavities.
• Know the criteria and rates of population diagnosis of root cavities.
• Use root de cavity prevention mechanisms.
UNIT 13 PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY IN THE ELDERLY
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Describe the population characteristics of the elderly patient.
• Analyze the current situation of an elderly population.
• Know the elements of a prevention program aimed at older patients.
• Develop a prevention program for the elderly.
• Track the program.
UNIT 14 SURGERY ON THE ELDERLY PATIENT
UNIT 14.1 ORAL CANCER
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Know the epidemiology of oral cancer in the elderly patient.
• Assess the etiology and triggers of greatest importance in the elderly patient.
• Recognize the most prevalent oral pathologies that can lead to cancer in the elderly patient.
• Assess the clinical and pathological manifestations of oral cancer.
• Know the therapeutic approaches in the elderly.
UNIT 14.2 IMPLANTS IN THE ELDERLY
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Know the peculiarities of implant use in elderly patients.
• Assess the influence of age on prognosis, indications and contraindications, results and complications regarding implant management.
UNIT 15 THE INSTITUTIONALIZED ELDER
UNIT 15.1 ORAL TO INSTITUTIONALIZED CARE PROGRAMS
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Describe the population characteristics of the institutionalized elder.
• Know the guidelines for the design of global dental care programs to the institutionalized elder.
UNIT 16 PROSTHETICS IN THE ELDERLY
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Know the data that epidemiological surveys refer to prosthetic carriers in older adult patients.
• Know the recommendations that national health surveys make in relation to the elderly.
• Assess the clinical, technical and processing aspects of removable prostheses in older adult patients.
• Assess the clinical, technical and processing aspects of fixed prostheses in older adult patients.
• Assess the clinical, technical and processing aspects of implant and overdentation prostheses in older adult patients.
UNIT 17 THE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Know the models of public health care.
• Know the "Catalan assistance model", its structure, its benefits and its organization.
• Know the scope of public provision in Gerodontology and special patients in Spain.
UNIT 18 FOUNDATIONS OF GERIATRICS
At the end of this unit the student will be able to:
• Know the fundamental aspects of the elderly patient.
• Place the Evolution of Geriatrics in history.
• Identify large geriatric syndromes.
• Assess the atypical signs of disease presentation.
• Conceptualize the comprehensive geriatric assessment process.
• Know the advantages of Integral Geriatric Valuation and the instruments to realize it.
• Know the criteria of fragility and risk and the valuation scales to measure them.
UNIT 1 DIFFERENTIAL ASPECTS OF THE ELDERLY'S MEDICAL HISTORY
UNIT 2 PHYSIOLOGY OF Aging
UNIT 3 DERMATOLOGICAL AND MUCOUS LESIONS IN THE ELDERLY
UNIT 4 OROFACIAL PAIN IN THE ELDERLY
UNIT 5 PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY IN THE ELDERLY
UNIT 6 PSYCHOGERIATRY AND PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
UNIT 7 RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY IN THE ELDERLY PATIENT
UNIT 8 SOCIOLOGY OF Aging
UNIT 9 Aging AND NUTRITION
UNIT 10 XEROSTOMY
UNIT 11 PHARMACOLOGY APPLIED TO THE ELDERLY
UNIT 12 CARIES IN THE ELDERLY
UNIT 13 PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY IN THE ELDERLY
UNIT 14 SURGERY ON THE ELDERLY PATIENT
UNIT 15 THE INSTITUTIONALIZED ELDER
UNIT 16 PROSTHETICS IN THE ELDERLY
UNIT 17 THE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM
UNIT 18 FOUNDATIONS OF GERIATRICS
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E: exam date | R: revision date | 1: first session | 2: second session: