The Basics and Electronic Systems
Module: TECHNOLOGY TRAINING
Matter: TECHNOLOGY
Main language of instruction: Spanish
Other languages of instruction: Catalan, English
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Head instructor
Dr. Xavier MARIMON - xmarimon@uic.es
Office hours
An appointment with the teacher must be arranged by institutional email.
In this subject, the theoretical and practical foundations necessary to work with circuits and electronic systems are received. From the simplest passive components to transistors, operational amplifiers and their applications. This knowledge is being worked in parallel with the necessary mathematical tools oriented to the analysis of circuits, such as; resolution of matrices, differential equations and Laplace transform. From the practical point of view, the students will work in the electronics laboratory where we will practice the implementation of the most representative circuits studied in this subject.
In order to successfully complete the subject, it is recommended that the student has completed the following first year subjects:
-Algebra
-Calculus
The fundamental objective of the course is to introduce the student to the basic concepts of electronic systems and their applications:
Know how to calculate the variation of resistance as a function of the ideal conductor temperature (Application).
Know how to calculate power in a circuit (Application).
Solve simple circuits with passive components (Application).
Solve simple circuits with diodes (Application).
Solve simple circuits with transistors (Application).
Solve simple circuits based on the operational amplifier (Application).
Obtain the transfer function of active and passive filtered circuits (Application).
Chapter 0. Course introduction
0.1 Introduction to the analog electronics.
0.2 Introduction to the phenomenon of bioelectricity and excitable cells.
Chapter 1. Physical fundamentals of electricity
1.1 Definition of electric current.
1.2 Real and conventional sense of electric current.
1.3 Electrical field definition.
1.4 Potential difference.
1.5 Speed of majority load carriers.
1.6 Concentration of majority load carriers.
1.7 Electric current intensity.
1.8 Electrical resistance.
1.9 Conductivity.
1.10. Current density.
1.11 Microscopic and macroscopic Ohm Law.
1.12 Electrical power.
Application examples.
Chapter 2. Circuit theory
2.1 Basic laws of electrical circuits.
2.1.1 Ohm's Law.
2.1.2 Kirchoff Laws: First Kirchoff's law (KCL) and Second Kirchoff's Law (KVL).
2.1.3. Equivalent resistance: serial grouping and parallel grouping.
2.2 Basic circuits.
2.2.1 Voltage divider.
2.2.2 Current divider.
Chapter 3. Elements of circuit theory
3.1 Classification of the elements of a circuit.
3.2 Current-voltage (i-v) feature.
3.3 Definition of a linear function.
3.4 Temporary definition of power and power.
3.5 Power absorption and dissipation.
3.6 Open circuit and closed circuit.
3.7 Virtual short circuit.
3.8 The resistor.
3.9 current-voltage phase plan (i-v).
3.10 The capacitor and coil.
3.11 Independent current voltage sources.
3.12 Dependent current voltage sources.
3.13 Effect of disconnection of sources.
3.14 Static operation of the condenser and coil.
3:15 Equivalent circuit.
3.15.1 Thevenin equivalent.
3.15.2 Norton equivalent.
Exercises: circuit resolution, circuit analysis in the temporal domain.
Example of application: the cardiovascular circuit.
Chapter 4. The semiconductor diode
4.1 Physics of semiconductor materials.
4.1.1 Classification of semiconductor elements.
4.1.2 Conductivity of a material.
4.1.3 The power band model.
4.1.4 Stability of a material.
4.1.5 Insulating materials.
4.1.6 Conductive Materials.
4.1.7 Semiconductor materials
4.1.7.1 Extrinsic semiconductor material.
4.1.7.2 Intrinsic semiconductor material.
4.2 The semiconductor diode.
4.2.1 The pn junction.
4.2.2. Current transport mechanisms.
4.2.2.1 Broadcast current.
4.2.2.2 Drag current.
4.2.3 Polarization of the diode.
4.2.4 Current-voltage (i-v) characteristic of the diode.
4.2.5 Diode models. Segmental modelling.
Exercises: circuit resolution with diodes.
Chapter 5. Rectifying circuits
5.1. Block diagram of a regulated voltage source.
5.2 Half-wave rectifier.
5.3 Full wave rectifier with middle ground intake.
5.4 Full wave rectifier with Graetz bridge.
5.5 Encapsulated rectifiers.
5.6 The Zener diode.
5.7 Electrical scheme of a regulated voltage source.
Chapter 6. The transistor
6.1 The generic transistor.
6.2 Classification of transistors.
6.3 Transistor applications.
6.4 History of the transistor.
6.4.1 The vacuum valve.
6.4.2 The discovery of the transistor.
6.5 The bipolar junction transistor (BJT).
6.5.1 Amplification with BJT transistor.
6.5.2 Internal structure of the BJT transistor.
6.5.3 BJT transistor encapsulations.
6.5.4 BJT transistor operating regions, current-voltage characteristic (i-v).
6.5.5 Ebers-Moll models of BJT transistor.
6.5.6 Typical BJT transistor configurations.
6.5.7 MAIN BJT transistor polarization circuits.
6.5.8 Dc transistor analysis.
6.5.8.1 Analytical analysis in DC.
6.5.8.2 Graphical analysis in DC (Load Line).
6.5.9 Cascade configurations: Darlington and Sziklai.
6.6 BJT transistor applications.
6.6.1 BJT transistor operating modes.
6.6.1.1 The transistor in linear regime. Operation as an amplifier.
6.6.1.2 The switching transistor. Operation as a switch.
6.6.2 The transistor as a driver.
6.6.3 The transistor in digital logic.
6.7 The Field Effect Transistor (FET).
6.7.1 Internal structure of the JFET transistor.
6.7.2 Internal structure of the MOSFET transistor.
6.7.3 JFET transistor operating regions.
6.7.4 MOSFET transistor operating regions.
6.7.5 Shockley equation for JFET transistor.
6.7.6 Ebers-Moll models of the JFET transistor.
6.7.7 Shockley equation for MOSFET transistor.
6.7.8 Channel length modulation.
6.7.9 Ebers-Moll models of the MOSFET transistor.
Exercises: circuit resolution with transistors.
Chapter 7. The operational amplifier
7.1. Operational amplifier concept.
7.2 Power supply of an operational amplifier: bipolar and unipolar.
7.3 Input voltage: differential and common mode.
7.4 Operating Regions.
7.5 The actual model of the amplifier.
7.6 The ideal model of the amplifier.
7.6.1 The ideal model of the linear region amplifier: gain, input and output impedance.
7.6.2 The ideal model of the saturated amplifier.
7.7 The concept of virtual short circuit.
7.8 Internal structure of the operational amplifier.
7.9 General system based on operational amplifier.
7.10 Operating amplifier operating modes.
7.10.1 The operational amplifier in open loop.
7.10.2 The operational amplifier in closed loop.
7.10.2.1 The closed loop amplifier with positive feedback.
7.10.2.2 The closed loop amplifier with negative feedback.
7.11 Systems based on the operational amplifier.
7.11.1 Linear systems.
7.11.1.1 Closed loop with negative feedback with linear components.
7.11.1.1.1 Inverting amplifier.
7.11.1.1.2 Non-inverting amplifier.
7.11.1.1.3 Differential amplifier or subtracter.
7.11.1.1.4 Non-inverting adder amplifier.
7.11.1.1.5 Inverting adder amplifier.
7.11.1.1.6 Inverting derivative amplifier.
7.11.1.1.7 Inverting integrator amplifier.
7.11.1.1.8 Non-inverting integrator amplifier.
7.11.1.1.9 The instrumentation amplifier.
7.11.2 Nonlinear systems.
7.11.2.1 Open loop.
7.11.2.1.1 Inverting comparator.
7.11.2.1.2 Non-inverting comparator.
7.11.2.2 Closed loop with positive feedback.
7.11.2.2.1 Inverting comparator with hysteresis (inverting trigger Schmitt).
7.11.2.2.2 Non-inverting comparator with hysteresis (Trigger Schmitt).
7.11.2.3 Closed loop with negative feedback and nonlinear components.
7.11.2.3.1 Half-wave precision rectifier.
7.11.2.3.2 Practical circuit of the Half-wave wave precision rectifier.
7.11.2.3.3 Full wave precision rectifier.
7.11.2.3.4 Logarithmic amplifier.
7.11.2.3.5 Antilogarithmic or exponential amplifier.
7.11.2.3.6 Analog multiplier.
7.11.2.3.7 Analog adder.
7.11.2.3.8 Analog rooter.
Exercises: Analysis of circuits based on the operational amplifier.
Examples of application: Triangular signal generator based on the operational amplifier, rectification of the EMG signal with a precision rectifier, the instrumentation amplifier to acquire ECG signals.
Chapter 8. Filters
8.1 The concept of analog filter.
8.2 The concept of angular frequency.
8.3 The Fourier transform.
8.4 Classification of filters. Analog and digital.
8.5 Types of filters. Low-Pass, High-Pass and Band-Pass filters.
8.6 The multiplication of convolution.
8.7 The convolution theorem.
8.8 The Laplace Transform.
8.9 The transfer function of a system.
8.10 Order of a system.
8.11 Roots of a system. Poles and zeroes.
8.12 The ideal filter.
8.13 Filter approximations.
8.13.1 Butterworth Approach.
8.13.2 Approach of Chebyshev.
8.13.3 Legendre Approach.
8.14 Comparison of filter approximations.
8.15 Normalized filter transfer functions.
8.16 Analog filters. Assets and liabilities.
8.16.1 Structures first order.
8.16.2 Second order structures.
8.16.3 Sallen-Key Structures.
Exercises: Obtaining the standardized transfer function of active and passive filters.
TRAINING ACTIVITY | METHODOLOGY | COMPETENCES |
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Project-oriented learning is a method based on experiential and reflective learning in which the research process on a particular subject is of great importance. The aim is to resolve complex problems based on open solutions or tackle difficult issues that allow new knowledge to be generated and new skills to be developed by students. Lectures are the setting for: learning and managing the terminology and language structures related to each scientific field. Practicing and developing oral and written communication skills. And learning how to analyse the bibliography and literature on Bioengineering. Using guidelines to identify and understand the main ideas during lectures. This academic activity has been an essential tool in education since it first began and should have a significant presence within the framework of this degree programme. Reading texts with the aim of engaging critical thinking plays a fundamental role in learning for citizens who are both aware and responsible. An activity for outside the classroom. This activity means students can allow their knowledge to settle and rest, which is always necessary before beginning a new task. The professor sets out exercises and problems, helps students to progress in terms of the engineering process the design involves, and guides the student, thus partial goals are achieved that facilitate the incorporation of the theoretical knowledge acquired. | Practical classes allow students to interact at first hand with the tools they will need to use in their work. In small groups or individually practical demonstrations will be carried out based on the theoretical knowledge acquired during the theory classes. In theory classes the fundamental and scientific knowledge that forms the basis of the knowledge and rigour that engineering studies require must be established. This teaching method is based on reflection, it can provide students with useful knowledge and skills to tackle problems efficiently in a shorter period of time. Individual work, involving study, the search for information, data processing and the internalisation of knowledge will allow students to consolidate their learning. | CB1 CB2 CB3 CB4 CB5 CE12 CE13 CE15 CE17 CE20 CE8 CG10 CG2 CG3 CG4 CG6 CG7 CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5 CT6 CT7 |
The final grade of the subject will be obtained as
Nota=0,2·Nep +0,3·Nef +0,3·Nlab+0,2·Ntreb
where
Nep : Partial exam grade
Nef : Final exam grade
Nlab : Lab grade
Ntreb : Course work grade
To apply for the apt, it is essential to carry out the laboratory practices of the subject.
Important considerations:
Resources:
The slides of the subject are available on the virtual campus of the course.
Basic bibliography:
[1] Prat et al. Circuits i dispositius electrònics. Edicions UPC. Barcelona, 2002. ISBN: 848301574 9.
[2] William, Hayt H. 9ª ed. Análisis de circuitos en ingeniería. McGraw-Hill. México DF, 2019. ISBN: 9781456272135.
[3] John Semmlow. Third ed. Circuits, Signals and Systems for Bioengineers: A MATLAB-Based Introduction. Academic Press. London, 2017. ISBN: 978-0-12-809395-5
Complementary bibliography:
[1] Keskin, Ali Ümit. 2017. Electrical Circuits in Biomedical Engineering. Problems with solutions. Springer. ISBN: 978-3-319-55101-2.
[2] Sedra, Adel S.; Kenneth C. Smith. 5ª ed. Circuitos Microelectrónicos. McGraw-Hill. Mexico DF, 2006. ISBN-13: 9789701054727.
[3] Fiore, James M. Amplificadores operacionales y circuitos integrados lineales. Thomson. Madrid, 2002. ISBN: 8497320999.
E: exam date | R: revision date | 1: first session | 2: second session: