Dental Structure and Function
Module: Basic biomedical sciences relevant in dentistry
Matter: Anatomy and Physiology
Main language of instruction: Spanish
Other languages of instruction: Catalan, English
If the student is enrolled for the English track then classes for that subject will be taught in the same language.
Head instructor
Dr. Juan Gonzalo OLIVIERI - jgolivieri@uic.es
Dra. María Teresa SALAGARAY - msalagaray@uic.es
Office hours
Contact by e-mail: jgolivieri@uic.es
josespona@uic.es
graciatena@uic.es Spanish group: msalagaray@uic.esDetailed knowledge of the anatomical structure and the role of the two dentitions (temporary and permanent) of the human being is fundamental for the future dentist to able to successfully perform preventive and curative treatments.
The dental treatment is aimed at both restoring alterations of the dentition and their optimal form and function. Healthy dentition, both in form and function, is the model to imitate when performing procedures as diverse as prostheses, fillings, root canals or orthodontic treatments, and it is only by knowing the exact internal and external morphology of all the teeth that we can perform dental treatments with success.
This course is essential for each and every one of the clinical disciplines that students will follow in subsequent courses.
Knowledge of the anatomical structures of the head and neck, specifically in the oral cavity and teeth, will help students to understand aspects of dental eruption, tooth position and function within the complex neuromuscular system that performs such important functions as chewing and swallowing and that is significantly involved in speech and in the relationship between people.
To gain knowledge of the precise and detailed external and internal anatomy of each tooth.
This anatomical knowledge will enable an understanding of the function of each individual tooth and of the dental groups to which they belong.
Specific skills
The student must end up knowing perfectly the dental morphology of each particular tooth through all its faces to end up knowing how to reproduce it in the mouth. Understanding the form from the function.
BLOCK I: INTRODUCTION TO DENTAL MORPHOLOGY.
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF DENTAL ANATOMY
OBJECTIVES: To know what dental anatomy is. Application of dental anatomy in dentistry and other areas. General characteristics of human dentition.
UNIT 1: Generalities.
Definition. Clinical practice application. Application in other areas.
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BLOCK II: NOMENCLATURE AND DENTAL TERMINOLOGY.
OBJECTIVES: Recognize the different types of dentition. Distinguish, by position, each of the teeth. Know and apply the different dental nomenclatures. Differentiate the parts of each tooth. Compare dimensions and surfaces. Identify the main characteristics of the teeth on both the coronal and root surfaces. Compare the function of each tooth.
UNIT 2: Human dentition.
Definition. Characteristics. Arrangement of teeth in the arches. Dental formula
UNIT 3: Dental nomenclature systems.
Full anatomical definition. Universal system. Zsigmondy-Palmer system. International numbering system.
UNIT 4: Anatomical parts of the tooth.
Crown. Root. Neck. Dental surfaces. Dental divisions Lobes of development. Anatomical elements of the crown.
UNIT 5: Radicular Anatomy.
Internal and external anatomical root morphology. Pulp chamber and root canals. Apical and periapical region. Root morphology of each tooth.
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BLOCK III: ANATOMIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF PERMANENT DENTITION.
OBJECTIVES: Identify the external morphology of the different types of teeth. Distinguish the teeth according to their dental group, arcade to which they belong and type of tooth.
UNIT 6: Permanent incisors. Unique features. Common and differential characteristics of the incisive class.
6.1 Maxillary central incisor: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Incisal vision. Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.
6.2 Maxillary lateral incisor: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Incisal vision. Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.
6.3 Central mandibular incisor: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Incisal vision. Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.
6.4 Mandibular lateral incisor: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Incisal vision. Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.
UNIT 7: Permanent canines. Unique features. Common and differential characteristics of the canine class.
7.1 Maxillary canine: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Incisal vision. Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.
7.2 Mandibular canine: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Incisal vision. Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.
UNIT 8: Permanent premolars. Unique features. Common and differential characteristics of the premolar class.
8.1 First maxillary or superior premolar: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Occlusal vision Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.
8.2 Second maxillary or superior premolar: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Occlusal vision Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.
8.3 First mandibular or inferior premolar: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Occlusal vision Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.
8.4 Second mandibular or inferior premolar: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Vestibular and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Occlusal vision Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.
UNIT 9: Permanent molars. Unique features. Common and differential characteristics of the molar class.
9.1 First maxillary or superior molar: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Occlusal vision Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.
9.2 Second maxillary or superior molar: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Occlusal vision Root Description Characteristics. Vestibular and lingual vision. Proximal vision.
9.3 First mandibular or lower molar: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Occlusal vision Root Description Characteristics. Vestibular and lingual vision. Proximal vision.
9.4 Second mandibular or lower molar: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Occlusal vision Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.
9.5 Third maxillary and mandibular molars. General characteristics.
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BLOCK IV: DENTAL TRAINING
OBJECTIVES: Development and eruption of teeth. Stages of dental eruption. Primary dentition Primary dentition replacement. Permanent dentition. Dental age Description and formation of dental tissues: Enamel, dentin, cement and pulp. Periodontal tissues: soft and supportive tissues.
UNIT 10: Embryology.
Introduction to embryology. Generalities of Odontogenesis. Morphogenesis of the dental organ. Development and formation of the coronary pattern. Development and formation of the root pattern. Histogenesis of the dental organ.
UNIT 11: Dental tissues.
Dental tissues: Enamel, enamel, dentin, cement
UNIT 12: Development and dental eruption.
Generalities Stages of dental eruption. Primary dentition Primary dentition replacement. Permanent dentition. Dental age
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BLOCK V: ANATOMIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF TEMPORARY DENTITIONOBJECTIVES: General about temporary dentition. Differences between temporary and permanent dentition. Differences between the characteristics of temporary and permanent teeth. Identify the coronal and root morphology of each temporal tooth.
UNIT 13: Temporary incisors.
Generalities Description of the central and lateral incisors.
Comparison with permanent incisors. Similarities and differences.
UNIT 14: Temporary canines.
Generalities Description of the maxillary and mandibular temporal canines. Comparison with permanent canines. Similarities and differences.
UNIT 15: Temporary molars.
Generalities Description of the first maxillary and mandibular temporal molars. Description of the maxillary and mandibular second molars. Comparison with the permanent ones. Similarities and differences.
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BLOCK VI: DENTITION AND ITS FUNCTION
OBJECTIVES: Definition of occlusion. Intersected dental relationships. Occlusal relations anterior and posterior teeth. Optimal occlusion
UNIT 16: Orofacial complex.
Generalities Shape of the teeth Function of the teeth Dental alignment Proximal contacts Embrasures Cervical line Occlusal plane
TOPIC 17: Occlusion.
Definition. Intersected dental relationships. Occlusal relations of the posterior teeth. Dental relationships of the anterior teeth. Occlusal contacts during mandibular movement. Optimal occlusion
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PRACTICAL CLASSES AGENDA
Practice I
Introduction and objectives of the practices. Dynamics, evaluation and necessary material.
Practice 1A: Importance of knowing dental anatomy and morphology.
Objectives of the practice: Know and identify the characteristics of dental anatomy to apply and reproduce it in dental practice.
Practice 1B: Dental Formula
Objectives of the practice: Elaborate and interpret dental formulas of different species. Identify the disposition of the teeth in the arch.
Necessary material: Gown, sheets, pencils
Practice 2A: Indirect exploration Objectives of the practice: Manipulate, visualize and identify the instruments necessary for a dental exploration. Assess indirect vision and its importance. Recognize dental groups, alterations in number, cavities. Practice 2B: Dental nomenclature system Objectives of the practice: Know the nomenclature systems: Universal System, Zsigmondy-Palmer System, International Numbering System or FDI Materials needed: Gown, sheets, pencil, pen Practice III Practice 3A: Central incisor drawing Objectives of the practice: To know the anatomical features of the central incisors on all their faces: vestibular, lingual, mesial, distal and incisal edge. Differentiate the upper ones from the lower ones: size, shape, number of roots. Reproduce their anatomy in the drawing made by each student. Determine crown-root ratio. Practice 3B: Identification of the crown division. Objectives of the practice: Differentiate clinical crown and anatomical crown. Differentiate clinical root and anatomical root. Identify tooth surfaces. Know the dental divisions in the cervico-occlusal, vestibulolingual and mesiodistal directions. Identification of angles and vertices. Necessary material: Gown, white sheets, graph paper, pens, ruler. Practice IV Practice 4A: Lateral incisor drawing Objectives of the practice: To know the anatomical features of the lateral incisors on all their faces: vestibular, lingual, mesial, distal and incisal edge. Differentiate the upper ones from the lower ones: size, shape, number of roots. Reproduce their anatomy in the drawing made by each student. Determine crown-root ratio. Practice 4B: Root Anatomy Objectives of the practice: Identify the external morphology of the root: neck, trunk and furcation. Identify the internal morphology: pulp chamber and root canals. Necessary material: Gown, white sheets, graph paper, pens, ruler. Practice V Practice 5A: Canine drawing Objectives of the practice: To know the anatomical features of the canines on all their faces: vestibular, lingual, mesial, distal and incisal edge. Differentiate the upper ones from the lower ones: size, shape, number of roots. Reproduce their anatomy in the drawing made by each student. Determine crown-root ratio. Practice 5B: Measurement of teeth Objectives of the practice: Calculate the crown-root index of the teeth. Correctly measure the following parameters of the anterior and posterior teeth: crown length, root length, mesiodistal crown diameter, mesiodistal crown diameter at the neck, vestibulolingual crown diameter, buccolingual crown diameter at the neck. Materials needed: Gown, 3 anterior teeth, 3 posterior teeth, graph paper, pens, ruler. Practice VI Practice 6A: Drawing of the premolars Objectives of the practice: To know the anatomical features of the premolars on all their faces: vestibular, lingual, mesial, distal and occlusal edge. Differentiate the upper ones from the lower ones: size, shape, number of roots. Reproduce their anatomy in the drawing made by each student. Determine crown-root ratio. Practice 6B: Exam Objectives of the practice: Evaluate the knowledge obtained to date. Necessary material: Gown, white sheets, graph paper, pens, ruler. Practice VII Practice 7A: Drawing of the molars Objectives of the practice: To know the anatomical features of the first and second molars on all their faces: vestibular, lingual, mesial, distal and occlusal edge. Differentiate the upper ones from the lower ones: size, shape, number of roots. Reproduce their anatomy in the drawing made by each student. Determine crown-root ratio Practice 7B: Anterior teeth morphology Objectives of the practice: Identify and draw eminences (cusps, ridges, tubercles) and depressions (furrows and pits). Identify the marginal ridges, lingual fossa, cingulum, pits. Necessary material: Gown, white sheets, graph paper, pens, ruler. Practice VIII Practice 8A: Carving 3 teeth in soap Objectives of the practice: Carve an upper or lower central-lateral incisor in soap. Develop the manual skill of the student. Identify the different anatomical structures. Orient the teeth in space. Practice 8B: Posterior teeth morphology Objectives of the practice: Identify and draw eminences (cusps, ridges, tubercles) and depressions (furrows and pits). In relation to the cusps: identify the edges and slopes that make them up, name them according to their location. Differentiate the ridges: cusp ridges, marginal ridges, occlusal ridges. Identify the different types of furrows and pits. Necessary material: Dressing gown, paper, pencils, colors, 3 bars of soap. Practice IX Practice 9A: Carving canine or premolar soap Objectives of the practice: Carve in soap an upper or lower canine or premolar. Develop the manual skill of the student. Identify the different anatomical structures. Orient the teeth in space. Practice 9B: Identification of extracted teeth. Objectives of the practice: Identify extracted natural teeth describing their external morphology. Necessary material: Robe, 3 bars of soap. Practice X Practice 10A: Soap carving Objectives of the practice: Carve a tooth in soap. Develop the manual skill of the student. Identify the different anatomical structures. Orient the teeth in space. Practice 10B: Dental tissues Objectives of the practice: Draw and identify the following dental and support tissues: enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum: cellular and acellular, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone: alveolar bone proper, supporting alveolar bone. Necessary material: Robe, sheets, pens, 3 bars of soap. Practice XI Practice 11A: Soap carving Objectives of the practice: Carve a tooth in soap. Develop the manual skill of the student. Identify the different anatomical structures. Orient the teeth in space. Practice 11B: Dental age Objectives of the practice: Identify the dental age of the patients studied using orthopantomographs. Necessary material: Robe, 3 bars of soap. Practice XII Practice 12A: Presentation of group work. Objectives of the practice: To develop the ability to summarize, synthesize, and transmit the characteristics of a tooth exhibiting them in class. Teamwork. Evaluate colleagues in the exhibition. Review the contents of the theoretical subject taking them to practice. Practice 12B: Temporary teeth Objectives of the practice: Draw and describe the anatomy of primary teeth. Know the differential characteristics between temporary and permanent dentitions. By using the Software app Atlas of Tooth Development and Eruption of the Queen Mary University of London, students will be able to interactively observe the different phases of tooth eruption and will be able to respond to the proposed test. Necessary material: Robe, sheets, pencils, computer or tablet. Practice XIII Practice 13A: Presentation of group work. Objectives of the practice: To develop the ability to summarize, synthesize, and transmit the characteristics of a tooth exhibiting them in class. Teamwork. Evaluate colleagues in the exhibition. Review the contents of the theoretical subject taking them to practice. Practice 13B: Identification of extracted teeth Objectives of the practice: Identify natural teeth describing their external morphology. We will review the characteristics of the morphology of each tooth. Necessary material: Robe
E: exam date | R: revision date | 1: first session | 2: second session: