Universitat Internacional de Catalunya - Barcelona

Physiotherapy Applied to Dysfunctions of the Locomotor Appratus 1

• code 08251
• course 2
• term Semester 2
• type OB
• credits 7

Module: Physiotherapy in clinical specialties

Matter: Physiotherapy applied to locomotor dysfunction

Main language of instruction: Catalan

Other languages of instruction: English, Spanish

Head instructor

Dra. Ana GERMÁN - agerman-alumni@uic.es

Office hours

Titular professor:

• Laia Monné, PhD (lmonne@uic.es).

TP Seminar of Muscular Stretches

• Laura Pacheco, PhD (lpacheco@uic.es).
• Juan José García, PhD (jjgarcia@uic.es).

TP Seminar of the Gait

• Mrs. Ana Germán (agerman@uic.es).
• Mr. Blai Ferrer (bferrer@uic.es).

• Mr. Juan Molero Espín (jamolero@uic.es).
• Rosa Mª Cabanas Valdés, PhD (rosacabanas@ui.es)

TP Seminar of Proprioception

• Laia Monné, PhD (lmonne@uic.es).
• Ernesto Herrera, PhD (eherrera@uic.es).

TP Seminar of Muscular Stretches

Taking into account the many positive effects stretching has on the different organ systems of the human body, it is considered, in different ways, as a basic tool for routine performance of the physiotherapist in their professional practice. Stretching occupies a wide area within Kinesiotherapy and the active and passive methods offer a range of possibilities which can be combined with other therapeutic techniques as well as participate in the recovery of the correct functionality when preventing injuries associated with the practice of sports and physical activity.

TP Seminar of the Gait

The gait is the process of locomotion by which the human body and feet move forward, and the weight is supported alternately by the two legs. The gait is one of the basic qualities of the human being that helps us to connect and perform most activities of daily living.

It's necessary to distinguish the normal gait from a pathological gait, as well as any alterations and / or dysfunctions that patients may have and, from here on, be able to look for the most suitable method of treatment.

TP Seminarof Kabat

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is a philosophy and a method of treatment initiated in 1950 by Dr. Herman Kabat. The Kabat method is based on the use of information from a deep and superficial origen in order to generate excitation of the nervous system and provoke a motor response.

TP Seminar of Proprioception

Proprioception is the ability of a articulation to determine its position in space, detect movement, and the resistance acting upon it. The workout of articulations is important in the treatment of all types of injuries for both the prevention and recovery of injuries from different origins within the extremities and trunk.

Proprioceptive exercises are an essential tool of the physiotherapist and because of this it is necessary to know the operations and apply the criteria for instruction and progression which should be individualized for each patient.

No prerequisites are required.

TP Seminar of Muscular Stretches

• Understand the organization and function of the Muscular System.
• Know the theoretical bases of the application of muscle stretching in its various forms.
• Understand the biological effects that justify the application of muscle stretching.
• Know and understand the indications and counter-indications for the application of muscle stretching.
• Apply manual analytical muscle stretches on different regions of the Musculoskeletal System.
• Know how to prepare a stretching program, which adapted to a pathology or lesion.

TP Seminar of the Gait

• Recognize the normal gait.
• Study the different adaptations of the gait.
• Learn techniques to re-train the gait.
• Know the walking aids and usage.

TP Seminarof Kabat

• Know the theoretical bases of the Kabat method.
• Learn how the nervous system works from a functional point of view.
• Learn the execution and stimulation of the major diagonals of the upper and lower extremities, as well as the most basic uneven patterns.

TP Seminar of Proprioception

• Know the Physiology of the Proprioceptive System.
• Understand the function of Proprioception.
• Know the benefits of training the proprioception and the most frequently used materials and means for training.
• Learn to design individualized guidelines of the Proprioception criteria of progression.
• Practice proprioception exercises.
• Learn to teach Proprioception exercises.

• 01 - The ability to analysis and synthesis.
• 02 - The ability to organise and synthesize
• 05 - The ability to manage information.
• 06 - To have comprehensive problem-solving skills.
• 07 - Demonstrate decision-making skills.
• 09 - Demonstrate critical thinking skills.
• 14 - Demonstrate initiative and an entrepreneurial spirit.
• 15 - Demonstrate a concern for quality.
• 17 - The ability to work responsibly and autonomously, so as to handle job-related activities without the need for strict supervision.
• 21 - Knowledge of the physiological and structural changes that can occur after physiotherapeutic interventions.
• 24 - Knowledge of the physical bases of the various physical interventions and their applications in physiotherapy.
• 25 - Knowledge of the principles and applications of measurement procedures in biomechanics and electrophysiology.
• 26 - Knowledge of the application of ergonomic and anthropometric principles.
• 37.5 - Knowledge of the profession's deontological ethics codes
• 38.1 - Respect for the rights of the patient and their family.
• 43 - Knowledge of physiotherapeutic procedures based on techniques and methods specific to physiotherapy interventions applied to the various disorders of all systems and medical and surgical specialisations, as well as health promotion and disease prevention.
• 48 - Ability to establish a physiotherapeutic diagnosis according to international norms and using internationally validated assessment tools.
• 48.2 - Ability to assess the patient's/client's needs in order to give priority to the ones that could compromise the rehabilitation process.
• 49 - Ability to design a physiotherapy treatment plan.
• 49.1 - Ability to develop a specific physiotherapy treatment plan through clinical thinking and problem-solving skills.
• 50 - Ability to execute, direct and coordinate a physiotherapy treatment plan while attending to the client's individual needs and using therapeutic tools specific to the physiotherapy profession.
• 50.1 - Ability to establish and implement physical therapy in treatments provided by all other medical and surgical specialties whenever it is deemed necessary.
• 50.10 - Ability to establish a scheduled plan to follow during treatment.
• 50.2 - Ability to design and apply therapeutic exercises specifically designed for cardiorespiratory, orthopedic, traumatologic, pediatric, rheumatologic, geriatric, neurologic, pulmonary, and sport-related diseases and injuries, as well as those for spine defects, urinary and fecal incontinence and pre/post-partum exercises.
• 50.7 - Ability to establish and apply group treatments to individuals with similar health conditions.
• 51.1 - Ability to design and set up activities related to disease prevention and health promotion.
• 51.2 - Ability to assess the patient's /client's progress.
• 51.3 - Ability to re-assess and modify treatment goals if necessary, and to adjust the intervention or treatment plan according to the new goals.
• 52 - Ability to provide effective physiotherapeutic care by providing comprehensive assistence to patients/clients.
• 53.1 - Ability to design and set up activities related to health promotion and disease prevention.
• 57 - Ability to keep up-to-date on knowledge, skills and attitudes related to professional competencies through continuous education.

Seminario T-P de Estiramientos musculares

• El alumno conoce la funcionalidad del sistema muscular y comprende las bases teóricas que justifican la aplicación de los estiramientos en sus modalidades.
• El alumno comprende y conoce los efectos biológicos derivados de la aplicación de los estiramientos musculares en el aparato locomotor.
• El alumno conoce las indicaciones y contraindicaciones de la aplicación de los estiramientos musculares.
• El alumno sabe aplicar adecuadamente las maniobras de estiramiento muscular manual analítico y puede confeccionar un programa de ejercicios de estiramiento adaptado a una patología o lesión.

Seminario T-P de Marcha

• Conocer las fases de la marcha y saber diferenciarlas en un patrón normal.
• Saber qué puede estar alterando y en qué fase del patrón de la marcha.
• Aprender a utilizar las ayudas para la marcha.

Seminario T-P de Kabat

• Saber realizar las diagonales de Kabat, colocando las presas con precisión y sabiendo el ‘por qué’ de cada una de nuestras acciones.
• Aprender a trabajar con el cuerpo y tener una buena higiene postural en nuestra vida laboral.
• Conocer el funcionamiento del Sistema Nervioso Central i como podemos aplicar estas diagonales a pacientes tanto de traumatología, neurología, deportistas, reumatología, etc ...

Seminario T-P de Propiocepción

• El alumno conoce el funcionamiento de los sistemas que participan en la propiocepción y entiende la justificación de su entrenamiento.
• El alumno conoce los beneficios y los criterios de aplicación de los ejercicios de propiocepción.
• El alumno entiende que el entrenamiento de la propiocepción ha de ser progresivo y adaptado a las necesidades del paciente.
• El alumno ha practicado una serie de ejercicios, tanto de extremidades como de tronco, para poder enseñarlos adecuadamente.
• El alumno sabe aplicar adecuadamente los ejercicios en casos clínicos y puede confeccionar y enseñar un programa de ejercicios adaptado a una patología o lesión.

TP Seminar of Muscular Stretches

• Students know how the muscular system works and comprehend the theoretical bases, which justify the application of the methods used in stretching.
• Students understand and know the resulting biological effects of the application of muscle stretching in the musculoskeletal system.
• Students know the indications and the incompatibilities of the application of muscular stretching.
• Students know how to properly apply the maneuvers of manual and analytical muscular stretching and can prepare a program of stretching exercises adapted to the illness or injury.

TP Seminar of the Gait

• Know the phases of the gait and know how to differentiate between a normal pattern.
• Know what may be altering their gait and at what stage of the gait pattern the patient is at.
• Learn to use walking aids.

TP Seminarof Kabat

• Know how to perform the diagonals of Kabat, placing the tools accurately and knowing 'why' each of our actions is done.
• Learn to work with the body and have a good postural hygiene in our work life.
• Know the operation of the Central Nervous System and how we can apply these diagonals to patients in trauma, neurology, sports, rheumatology, etc ...

TP Seminar of Proprioception

• Students know the operation of the systems involved in proprioception and understand the rationale for their training.
• Students know the benefits and application criteria in the proprioception exercises.
• Students understand that proprioception training must be progressive and adapted to the needs of the patient.
• Students have practiced a series of exercises, in both the extremities and the trunk, in order to teach them properly.
• Students know how to apply the exercises properly in clinical cases and can prepare and teach an exercise program tailored to a pathology or lesion.

Contents

TP Seminar of Muscular Stretches

Theoretical bases of muscular stretching:

• Definition of physical qualities (strength, endurance, speed, coordination and flexibility).
• Concept and types of flexibility. Matveiev definition. Factors limiting flexibility.
• Mechanical properties of tissues. The stretch reflex and inverse stretch reflex.
• Basics of skeletal muscles.
• Classification of muscular stretching. Dynamic, static, and technical stretching methods.
• Indications and contraindications of muscular stretching. The study of these indications depending on the stretching technique used.
• Muscular stretching and physical activity.
• Muscular stretching and injury.

Practical applications of muscular stretching:

• Upper extremities.
• Cervical region.
• Lower extremities.

TP Seminar of the Gait

• Walk assessment.
• Theoretical concepts.
• Phases of the gait.
• Gait disturbance.
• Technical help.

TP Seminarof Kabat

Theory

• What is proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation [PNF]?
• Proprioceptive and exteroceptive receptors.
• Central Nervous System.
• Kabat method.
• Basic Concepts.
• Basic principles.
• Types of kinetic patterns.
• Objectives
• Contraindications.
• Indications.
• Techniques.

Practice

• Diagonals of the upper extremities (EESS).
• Spirals in the EESS.
• Diagonals in the lower extremities (EEII).
• Spirals in the EEII.

TP Seminar of Proprioception

• Definition.
• Proprioception circuit.
• Receptors that integrat the Propriceptive and classification systems.
• Proprioception components: integration, receptor and transmitter.
• Proprioception and physical abilities.
• Evolution towards injury.
• Considerations and risk factors.
• Evolution criteria.
• Course and media.
• Practical activities: lower, upper extremities and trunk.

The mark for the course, Physiotherapy Applied to Dysfunctions in the Musculoskeletal System 1, is the average of the 4 TP Seminars, with a value of each TP Seminar proportional to its workload.

To pass the course students must pass each TP Seminar independently.

Failure to pass a TP Seminar involves recovery in 1st resit.

TP Seminar of Muscular Stretches

The evaluation of the seminar will involve the following sections:

• written test (10 short questions) on the last day of the seminar: 40% of the final grade.
• A single mark based on the continuous evaluation of practical application: 60% of the final grade.

The final grade is calculated from the average score of the three sections indicated.

In the first resit, students can only retake the part(s) (exam, practical part, dossier) that were failed.

TP Seminar of the Gait

• Complete a written test that will represent 30%.
• Completion of practical tasks, which account for 60% of the mark.
• Active participation in class 10%.

The final grade is calculated by the average score in the three sections indicated.

TP Seminarof Kabat

• Theoretical exam (50% of grade).
• Practical exam (50% of grade).

Students must pass both parts separately to pass the subject. The final grade is calculated by averaging the sections indicated.

TP Seminar of Proprioception

• 20% Exercises in class and participation. Classes are practical in character and attitude and interest shown by the student will be assessed.
• 80% Clinical Case. Students must submit a project based on a case and make a proposal for each phase of treatment based on the knowledge acquired through the subject:

          - 40% Casework (group).

          - 20% Contribution FORUM (individual).

          - 20% Case Presentation (group).

The final grade is calculated by the average score in the sections indicated.

In the first resit, students will be evaluated with a theoretical and practical exam.

Rules of attendance to TP Seminars

Degree subjects in Physiotherapy, which present theoretical and practical contents, are aimed at the acquisition and development of procedures and technical skills directly related to the practical exercise of the profession. These classes are structed in small groups where there is direct and continuous supervision of the teacher. Therefore, attendance to seminars is considered essential and necessary to ensure the acquisition of these skills. Based on the above, absences can only be excused due to major causes and in all circumstances, if they exceed 20% of the training load, the students will be obliged to re-enroll in this subject in the next academic year, without the discussion of the possibility of a resit. The consequences derived from non-compliance with this regulation can have very negative effects directly related to the registration process (overlapping and / or academic incompatibilities), as well as the corresponding expectations in the completion of the Degree.

TP Seminar of Muscular Stretches

1. Alter, M. Los estiramientos. Desarrollo de ejercicios. Barcelona: Paidotribo, 1992.
2. Esnault, M. Viel, E. Stretching (estiramientos miotendionosos) Automantenimiento muscular y articular. Barcelona: Masson, 1999.
3. Esnault,, M. Estiramientos analíticos en fisioterapia activa. Barcelona: Masson, 1994.
4. Neiger, H. Estiramientos analíticos manuales. Técnicas Pasivas. Madrid: Panamericana, 1998
5. Geoffroy, C. Guide des etirements sportifs. Paris: Ed.Vigot; 2000.
6. Geoffroy C. Guía práctica de los estiramientos. Barcelona: Paidotribo; 2012.
7. Di Santo, M. Amplitud de movimiento. Barcelona: Paidotribo; 2012.
8. Esnault, M. Columna vertebral y Stretching: Barcelona: Paidotribo; 2009.
9. Peninou, G. Tixa, S. Las tensiones musculares: del diagnóstico al tratamiento. Barcelona: Masson; 2010.
10. Ylinen, JJ. Estiramientos terapéuticos en el deporte y en las terapias manuales. Barcelona: Masson; 2009.
11. Romero Rodríguez, D. Tous Fajardo, J. Prevención de lesiones en el deporte Claves para un rendimiento deportivo óptimo. Barcelona: Panamericana; 2011.

TP Seminar of the Gait

1. Inman, V.T., Ralston, H.J. y Todd, F. (1981) Human Walking, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD.
2. Plas, F., Viel, E. y Blanc, Y. (1984) La marcha Humana, Ed. Masson. Barcelona.
3. Viel, E. (2002) La marcha humana, la carrera y el salto. Ed. Masson. Barcelona.
4. IBV (1999) Biomecánica de la marcha humana y patológica. IMPIVA. Valencia.
5. Fisioterapeutas (2008). Ed. Mad. Sevilla
6. Fisioterapeutas (2008). Ed. CEP. Madrid

TP Seminarof Kabat

1. Voss D, Ionta M, Myers B. Facilitación Neuromuscular Propioceptiva. (1987) 3ª ed. Panamericana.
2. Adler S, Beckers D, Buck M. La Facilitación Neuromuscular Propioceptiva en la práctica. Guía ilustrada. (2002) 2ªed Panamericana.
3. Viel E. et Ogishima H. Rééducation Neuromusculaire a partir de la propioception. Bases Kinésiologiques. (1997) Masson.
4. Daniel Vaast (1999). Curso del Método Kabat.

TP Seminar of Proprioception

1. Adler S, Beckers D, Buck M. La Facilitación Neuromuscular Propioceptiva en la práctica. Médica Panamericana.
2. Lieber Richard L. Estructura del músculo esquelético, función y plasticidad. McGraw-Hill.
3. López Chicharro J, Fernández Vaquero A, Fisiología del ejercicio. Médica Panamericana.
4. Ryerson S, Levit K. Functional movement reeducation. Churchill Livingstone.
5. Guia de prescripció d’exercici físic per a la Salut (PEFS). Generalitat de Catalunya. Departament de Salut.
6. Kazemi Bayhashemi A. Manual de orientación neuromuscular en la exploración clínica. Graficas Minaya.
7. Calderón J, Legido Arce JL. Neurofisiología aplicada al deporte. Tebar.
8. Lephart S, Fu F. Propioception and neuromuscular control in articulations stability. Human kinetics.
9. Resnick D, Kang Heung S. Trastornos internos de las articulaciones. MédicaPanamericana.

E: exam date | R: revision date | 1: first session | 2: second session:

• E2 28/06/2019 11:00h G6