Subject

General Anatomical Pathology

  • code 08410
  • course 2
  • term Semester 2
  • type OB
  • credits 1

Main language of instruction: Spanish

Other languages of instruction: Catalan, English

If the student is enrolled for the English track then classes for that subject will be taught in the same language.

Teaching staff

Head instructor

Dra. Maria Teresa FERNÁNDEZ - mfernandezf@uic.es

Office hours

Students can book an appointment by telephone or mail (contact phone: 5346 at the General Hospital of Catalonia, Pathology). Monday to Wednesday  from 10 am to 13 pm. 

  • María Teresa Fernández Figueras (mfernandezf@uic.es)

Introduction

In the event that the health authorities announce a new period of confinement due to the evolution of the health crisis caused by COVID-19, the teaching staff will promptly communicate how this may effect the teaching methodologies and activities as well as the assessment.

 

Anatomic pathology is the science that studies causes and consequences of the disease, by analyzing the structural, functional, genetic and molecular changes in cells, tissues and organs, in correlation with the clinical presentation. Anatomic pathology provides the basis to understand the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, evolution and treatment of diseases and it is the discipline responsible of most of the diagnosis in tumor pathology and also in many non-neoplastic diseases.

The terms “Histopathology” or “Pathology” are often used as a synonym of anatomic pathology and the specialists in this area are denominated “Pathologists” or “Anatomopathologists”. Pathologists are much more than morphologists. Pathologist need to have a deep knowledge of the disease to be able to correlate morphomolecular findings with clinical information and radiology.

The subject of Anatomic Pathology includes General Pathology and Systemic Pathology. While General Pathology is focused in the study of basic cellular and tissue reactions in front of the disease (including neoplasia),  Systemic Pathology analyzes the alterations specific of different cells, tissues and organs in front of the disease .

In this subject we will focus our attention to oral pathology and we will learn simultaneously the theoretical concepts and the practical aspects that contribute to the diagnosis.


Pre-course requirements

 Knowledge of histology so as to be able to identify pathological changes in tissues.


Objectives

  1. Understand the structural and molecular pathways of the disease 
  2. Recognize the histopathological changes (structural, histochemical, immunohistochemical and molecular) underlying different diseases
  3. Correlate clinical data and morphomolecular alterations in the setting of real cases, underlying the importance of clinicopathological correlation  

Competences / Learning outcomes of the degree programme

 


  • 08 - Knowing how to share information with other healthcare professionals and how to work as part of a team.
  • 14 - Being aware of the general processes of the illness, including infection, inflammation, alterations in the immune system, degeneration, neoplasm, metabolic alterations and genetic disorders.
  • 18 - Being aware of, critically evaluating and knowing how to use sources of clinical and biomedical infomation in order to obtain, organise, interpret and communicate scientific and healthcare-related information.
  • 38 - Being aware of clinical and laboratory-based procedures and diagnostic tests, knowing their reliability and diagnostic viability and being competent in interpreting the results
  • 39 - Recognising oral normality and pathology, as well as the evaluation of semiological data
  • 58 - Knowing the general pathological characteristics of the illnesses and disorders that affect organic systems

Learning outcomes of the subject

  • 1.12 - Solve clinical problems from deductions made with the basic knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body
  • 1.30 - Understand the basic bio-medical sciences on which dentistry is based to ensure proper oral-dental care.
  • 1.31 - - Understand and recognize the structure and normal function of the stomatognatic apparatus at a molecular and cellular level
  • 1.32 - Will know the general processes of falling ill, including genetic alterations
  • 1.35 - Will manage better than at the beginning of the subject, contemporary information technologies
  • 5.13 - Develop the critical argument skills and autonomous learning
  • 3.13 - Know the different diagnostic techniques in pathologic anatomy, biopsies, cytology, FNA, immunohistochemically studies
  • 3.14 - Order and interpret the results of anatomy pathological reports.

Syllabus

1: INTRODUCTION TO THE PATHOLOGY:  What is Anatomic Pathology? What does a pathologist? (surgical pathology, cytopathology, autopsy, specimens for moleuclar tests and digital pathology)  How are pathology reports and how to interpret them? Quality control. Tumor committees. Continuous education. Research.

2: GENERAL CONCEPTS OF CELLULAR PATHOLOGY: Parts of a cell. Types of cells. Agents and mechanisms of injury and cell necrosis . Apoptosis . Adaptation to stress, cell growth and differentiation . Intracellular accumulation (deposition diseases)

3: HISTOLOGY FROM THE ORAL CAVITY AND ACUTE INFLAMMATION: Concept and causes. Basic vascular and cellular reactions. Chemical mediators. Histology of the oral cavity and salivary glands in health and histopathological changes secondary to acute inflammation.  

4: ACUTE AND CRONICAL INFLAMMATION (Part 2): Histopathological changes secondary to chronic  inflammation. Granulomatous inflammation. Repair, regeneration and healing.

5: NON INFECTIOUS INFLAMMATORY DISEASES: Aphthous stomatitis. Lichen planus . Pemphigus vulgaris . Pemphigoid. Epidermolysis. Erythema multiforme .

6: INTRODUCTION TO THE ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC DIASEASES: Oral granulomatosis and Crohn's disease, Benign migratory glositis, reactive arthritis (Reiter) Lupus erythematosus, Behçet disease. Sjogren's disease. Horton's arthritis and other vasculitis. Oral manifestations of lymphoproliferative disorders and systemic metastasis. Toxicity and drug reactions.

7: INFECTIOUS PATHOLOGY.  VIRAL DISEASES: General aspects of infectious pathology Herpes virus infections, cytomegalovirus , human papilloma virus , Kaposi sarcoma and others

8. BACTERIAL, FUNGAL AND PARASITIC INFECTIONS: Types of inflammation: exudative, necrotizing, granulomatous and interstitial. Diagnostic methodologies. Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus, Pneumococcus, Meningococcus, Syphilis, Mycobacterial infections (Tuberculosis, M. avium, M. Intracelulare, M. Leprae), Actinomyces, Mycosis (Candida, Aspergillus, mucormicosis or Zigomicosisi), Leishmaniasis  

9: NEOPLASIA: Definition, classification and nomenclature. Characteristics of benign and malignant tumors . Histological characteristics of tumors. Staging of cancer. 

10: EPITHELIAL NON-ODONTOGENIC LESIONS: Tumors of the epithelium of surface and salivary glands. 

11: ODONTOGENIC AND EMBRIONAL CYSTS AND ODONTOGENIC TUMORS (Part 1): Dental histology (Enamel. Dentin. Cement. Dental pulp. Periodontal ligament. Alveolar bone). Odontogenic and embrional cysts and odontogenic tumors.

12: ODONTOGENIC AND EMBRIONAL CYSTS AND ODONTOGENIC TUMORS (Part 2): Dental histology (Enamel. Dentin. Cement. Dental pulp. Periodontal ligament. Alveolar bone). Odontogenic and embrional cysts and odontogenic tumors. 

13: NON-EPITELIAL NEOPLASTIC ORAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF TOOTH AND JAW (Part 1): Benign and malignant pigmented lesions. Soft tissue tumors. Hematologic disorders. Tooth and jaw pathology   

14: NON-EPITELIAL NEOPLASTIC ORAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF TOOTH AND JAW (Part 2): Benign and malignant pigmented lesions. Soft tissue tumors. Hematologic disorders. Tooth and jaw pathology  

15: SEMINAR OF IMAGES

Teaching and learning activities


In blended

There will be 14 theoretical classes with discussion of cases and clinical-pathological correlation and before finishing some classes a mini test of 2-3 questions with computer will be done. In the last class an image seminar will be held.   

An optional visit to the Department of Pathology will be organized over the first weeks to facilitate the understanding of the first class.   

A group of students will attend in-person the class and the remaining students will attend it remotely. The test will be accessible for both groups

Evaluation systems and criteria


In blended

To pass the course it is necessary to get a minimum of 5 points overall final grade. The final mark will be the mark obtained in the final theoretical and practical exam. There will be a multiple choice test consisting of questions of theoretical and practical images

The grades obtained by continuous evaluation of the progress during the classes will be positively considered.

Evaluation of grades:

 

              a) Failed: 0- 4,9 (SS)

              b) Pass: 5-6,9 (AP)

              c) Remarkable: 7-8,9 (NT)

              d) Outstanding: 9-10 (SB). 

             e) Special distinction: Implies having obtained an outstanding qualitification. 

During exams, consultation with a small textbook and/or photocopied notebook is permitted. Each student must bring his own materials and cannot share them.  Internet connection by phone or any other means is not allowed.  

Bibliography and resources

 

  • Kumar V, Abbas, AK, Aster JC. Robbins Basic Pathology . 10th ed . New York, NY. : Elsevier. 2018 
  • Shafer's Textbook of Oral Pathology - 8th Edition. Elsevier 2016
  • Neville, B. W., Damm, D. D., Allen, C. M., & Chi, A. C. Oral and maxillofacial pathology (Fourth edition.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier. 2016

 

Evaluation period

E: exam date | R: revision date | 1: first session | 2: second session:

  • E1 21/05/2021 10:00h A14
  • E1 21/05/2021 10:00h A08
  • E1 21/05/2021 10:00h A09
  • E1 21/05/2021 10:00h A21
  • E1 21/05/2021 10:00h A22
  • R1 04/06/2021 09:00h A16
  • E2 18/06/2021 08:00h I2
  • E2 18/06/2021 08:00h I3
  • R2 02/07/2021 09:00h A10

Teaching and learning material

      Websites
            Atlas http://www.uv.es/medicina-oral/Docencia/atlas/atlas.htm 
            Atlas color de patologia oral  http://edy.8k.com/pathology/index.html 
            Oral atlas pathology IARC http://screening.iarc.fr/atlasoral.php?lang=1 
            Casos interactius  http://www.forsyth.org/oralpathology/index.htm 
            Histology and pathology slides http://www.path.uiowa.edu/virtualslidebox/iowa_histopathology/content_index_db.html 
            Oral pathology laboratory  http://www.oralpathlab.com/research.htm  
            Oral Pathology Review Images  http://www.library.vcu.edu/tml/oralpathology/ 
            Oral Pathology USC  http://www.usc.edu/hsc/dental/opfs/  
            Patologia Oral Iowa  http://www.mbfbioscience.com/iowavirtualslidebox 
            Universitat de Utah. The Internet Pathology Laboratory for Medical Education  http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/webpath.html 
            University of Connecticut Health Center  http://155.37.5.236/PWIndex/DumpOrganLayOutNT.cfm 
            University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  http://path.upmc.edu/cases.html 
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