Universitat Internacional de Catalunya

Orthodontics 1

Orthodontics 1
7
9242
3
First semester
OB
Main language of instruction: Spanish

Other languages of instruction: Catalan, English

Teaching staff


Dra. ARTÉS RIBAS, Montserrat - martes@uic.es

Introduction

Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics is the area of dentistry involving the supervision, guiding and correction of the growth and maturity of dentofacial structures. This includes scenarios requiring the movement of teeth or the correction of altered or abnormal skeletal relations through the application of force and/or the stimuli and direction of the functional forces of the craniofacial complex. The main responsibilities of orthodontic practice are the diagnosis, prevention, interception and treatment of all forms of malocclusion of the teeth and the associated abnormalities of the bones and soft tissues; the design, application and control of functional and corrective appliances; and the guiding of dentition and its support structures to achieve and maintain optimum relations between the face and cranial structures in physiological and cosmetic harmony. Due to its basic and essential nature as part of dental training, Orthodontics is justifiably incorporated as a core subject taught over three clinical courses in the undergraduate degree programme in dentistry.

   

Pre-course requirements

Students must have previous knowledge of the head and maxillary/mandibular anatomy, as vell as the anatomy of the teeth.

Objectives

The educational objectives for the subject of Orthodontics comprise a set of teaching activities that must be progressively introduced to students in the theoretical and practical knowledge that a general dentist must have. The theoretical syllabus during the first year of the subject (Orthodontics 1 and 2) has a general objective and four main sections: The general objective is to know how to diagnose from the point of view of the orthodontist but with an interdisciplinary overview of all specialties of Dentistry. The four sections are: 1) Introduction to Orthodontics and review of the structures and functions of the stomatognathic system; 2) Study of dentofacial growth and development; 3) Study of the etiology and classification of malocclusions; and 4) Study of the different diagnostic methods of orthodontic problems in order to know how to make a list of problems, some treatment objectives and begin to get involved in the elaboration of the treatment plan. The objectives of the laboratory practices are the practical application of theoretical knowledge and the acquisition of the attitude and reasoning skills and manual necessary for the diagnosis of malocclusion and the preparation of the appliances.

Competences/Learning outcomes of the degree programme

  • 01 - Being aware of the essential elements of the dental profession, including the ethical principles and legal responsibilities it involves.
  • 03 - Knowing how to identify the concerns and expectations of patients, as well as how to communicate effectively and clearly, both orally and in writing, with patients, family members, the media and other professionals.
  • 04 - Understanding and recognising the social and psychological aspects that are relevant in terms of treating patients.
  • 05 - Knowing how to apply the correct principles to control anxiety and stress in oneself, in patients and in other memebers of the dentistry team.
  • 07 - Promoting new knowledge and techniques being acquired through autonomous learning, as well as the motivation to achieve quality.
  • 08 - Knowing how to share information with other healthcare professionals and how to work as part of a team.
  • 09 - Understanding the importance of keeping and using patient files in order to subsequently analyse them, while ensuring patient confidentiality is maintained.
  • 10 - Knowing and being able to identify the psychological and physical problems derived from gender violence in order to train students in the prevention, early detection of, care for and rehabilitation of the victims of this type of violence.
  • 11 - Understanding the basic biomedical science Dentistry is based on in order to ensure that adequate dental healthcare is provided.
  • 12 - Understanding and recognising the structure and normal function of the stomatognathic apparatus, at a molecular, cellular, tissue and organic level, during the various stages of life.
  • 13 - Understanding and recognising the science behind the essential bio-materials involved in dental practice as well as immediately managing potential allergies to these.
  • 14 - Being aware of the general processes of the illness, including infection, inflammation, alterations in the immune system, degeneration, neoplasm, metabolic alterations and genetic disorders.
  • 15 - Being familiar with the general pathological characteristics of the illnesses and disorders that affect organic systems, specifically those which have dental repercussions.
  • 17 - Understanding and recognising the principles of ergonomics and safety at work (including the control of cross infection, radiation protection and occupational and biological diseases).
  • 18 - Being aware of, critically evaluating and knowing how to use sources of clinical and biomedical infomation in order to obtain, organise, interpret and communicate scientific and healthcare-related information.
  • 19 - Being aware of scientific methods and having the critical ability to evaluate established knowledge and innovative information. Being able to formulate hypotheses, collect and critically evaluate information in order to resolve problems, in accordance with scientific methods.
  • 20 - Obtaining and creating a medical record containing all the relevant information.
  • 21 - Knowing how to undertake a full dental exam, including the necessary X-ray and complementary exploratory tests, as well as obtaining suitable clinical references.
  • 22 - Having the ability to make an initial diagnostic judgement and establish a reasonable diagnostic strategy, as well as being competent in recognising situations that require urgent dental treatment.
  • 26 - Knowing how to plan and undertake multidisciplinary, sequential and comprehensive dental treatment of limited complexity for patients of all ages and conditions and for patients who require special care.
  • 27 - Outlining and proposing suitable preventative measures for each clinical situation.
  • 32 - Knowing the biomedical science on which Dentistry is based in order to ensure adequate oral and dental care. This science must include material on: (a). Embryology, anatomy, histology and the physiology of the human body (b). Genetics, Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology and (c). Microbiology and immunology.
  • 33 - Knowing the morphology and function of the stomatognathic apparatus, including material on embriology, anatomy, histology and specific physiology
  • 36 - Knowing the danger of ionising radiation and its impact on biological tissue, as well as the legislation that regulates its use. Knowing how to manage dental radiodiagnostic facilities
  • 37 - Undertaking the x-rays that are necessary in dental practice, interpreting the images obtained and learning about other important image-based diagnosis techniques
  • 40 - Identifying the main reason for the consultation and the history of the current disease. Creating a general medical record and a clinical record which accurately reflect the patient's notes
  • 59 - Knowing the oral manifestations of systemic diseases
  • 62 - Conocer y manejar las emergencias y urgencias médicas más frecuentes en la práctica odontológica y en las técnicas de reanimación cardiorrespiratoria básica
  • 64 - Undertaking basic oral and dental pathology treatments for patients of all ages. The treatment procedures should be minimally invasive and based on a comprehensive and integrated approach to oral and dental treatment
  • 69 - Identifying patients who require special care, recognising the characteristics and peculiarities of such cases
  • 72 - Appropriate medical prescriptions, while being aware of their guidelines and warnings, systemic effects and repercussions on other organs
  • 75 - Identifying, evaluating and attending to medical emergencies which may arise during clinical practice and apply cardiopulmonary recuscitation techniques; manage severe infections, including pharmaceutical prescriptions and simple surgical aspects
  • 76 - Identifying and dealing with any dental emergencies
  • 79 - Treating dento-alveolar trauma in temporary and permanent dentitions
  • 88 - To undertake non-surgical treatment for temporo-mandibular disorders and oro-facial pain
  • 89 - To undertake bucco-dental treatment on young patients and recognise its characteristics and peculiarities
  • 91 - To plan and determine the specific characteristics of the design, records, prescription, clinical trails, placement and clinical adjustment for fitting removable and fixed space-maintainers and interceptive orthodontic techniques as well as extractable active elements destined to reposition teeth or correct an overbite

Learning outcomes of the subject

  • 4.001 - Know the anatomy and histology of the periodontal tissues in health and disease
  • 4.003 - - Know the mechanisms of inflammatory and immune response of periodontal tissues against bacteria of dental biofilm
  • 4.109 - Know the history and the main objectives of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
  • 4.110 - Know the function of the stomatognathic system and especially of the occlusion
  • 4.111 - Know the basic principles of the ideal occlusion
  • 4.112 - Know the development of teething and tooth eruption
  • 4.113 - Know and diagnose abnormalities of eruption
  • 4.114 - Understand the processes of growth and dent skeletal development and know its clinical application
  • 4.115 - Have the ability to diagnose dental malocclusions in the three plans of space
  • 4.117 - Know how to make a proper patient history
  • 4.118 - Know how to make a proper oral and practical examination of the patient
  • 4.119 - Know how to make a correct facial examination of the patient
  • 4.120 - Have the ability to diagnose the patient facial typology
  • 4.121 - Know how to make a correct analysis of study models
  • 4.128 - Know the elements and clinical use of orthodontic appliances

Syllabus

Introduction to orthodontics Clinical history, patient examination. Facial analysis Diagnostic records. Classification of malocclusions Teething development Development of occlusion Model analysis Anatomy and areas in Orthopantomography. Pathology in Orthopantomography Craniofacial growth.  

Teaching and learning activities

In person



Classes and seminars will be held according to the subject in any of the three official languages of UIC Catalan-Spanish-English. The course is divided into three groups M1, M2 and M3, to make all content part face-to-face and part online. All the teaching load will be done in this semi-face-to-face format since for now we cannot do it in person as before. 1. Master classes: They teach basic knowledge. They include the necessary bibliographic references for the study and extension of the treated subject. There will be face-to-face with a virtual connection for groups that are not at the UIC that day. 2. Seminars: They are a review of the theoretical syllabus, with a much more practical side, which allow a more agile student-teacher interaction. They are done during internships. They can be both face-to-face and online. 3. Laboratory practices: Practical application of theoretical knowledge. They help to acquire the necessary attitude and skill. They will be done in groups both in person and online. 4. Tutoring (voluntary): Monitoring and individualized help of the student's progress especially for those who have learning problems such as those who are suspended.

Evaluation systems and criteria

In person



Theoretical exam (face-to-face) 

The ordinary examination can be a multiple choice test or a short answer exam. 

The exam can be in the three official languages of the UIC. 

The questions of the multiple choice test will be projected on the room´s screen. The student will be provided with a booklet with all the possible answers. The front page of the booklet is where the student should mark with an "X" the answer that consider is the correct one.   

Multiple-choice questions have only one valid answer and will be deducted 0.20 points for each incorrect answer.

A minimun of 5 is needed to pass the exam, once the incorrect answers are counted

  If the Academic Secretary authorize it, the student can have a different kind of exam, either of short answer questions, or an oral one to defend in front of a tribunal with at least two professors.

 

Orthodontic Practices 1   General rules of Orthodontic practices 1.   - The evaluation of the practices is continued. Each day what the student does will be scored.Each exercise (done presencially or online) will be qualified from 0 to 10.   - Attendance at internships face-to-face is mandatory.    - To pass the practices of Orthodontics 1 it is necessary to have done a minimum of 70% of the practices, and that of the average of all the practices of the subject a minimum of a 5 is obtained.   -The student must be informed of the material he needs to carry out the practice well in advance. Because to do the internship is essential to bring or have the printed internship dossier, which can be purchased at the copy shop or downloaded from Moodle, along with any additional material needed for each specific practice.The material of the practices on photos will have to be in color.   - The student must bring / have the laptop at each practice.   - The dressing gown is essential in all face-to-face practices, both in the classroom and in the laboratory. Attendance at the practice is not allowed without the gown.

COVID norms are of mandatory compliance while the pandemic lasts.

  - Punctuality is required, whether the practice is face-to-face , in order to meet the objectives of the practice as well as out of respect for teachers and peers. Delays imply a decrease in the qualification of the practice. It is considered late to arrive 15 minutes late for practice.   - The assignment of the job in the laboratory is personal and non-transferable throughout the course in the face-to-face practices.   - During the face-to-face practices the student is responsible for the material delivered by the faculty and must use it correctly and return it in the same conditions in which it was received. The workplace must be cleaned at the end of the face-to-face practice.   Evaluation of Orthodontic practices 1:   - In addition to the continuous evaluation of the practices, during the course there may be evaluations of different formats. For example, short pre-practice exams in which the content of the subject that has already been taught in the theoretical class, in practice or in the theory of practice is evaluated.   - In the continuous evaluation the following are valued: The punctuality, the attitude, the participation, the putting in practice of the theoretical knowledge acquired, the progress of the manual ability, the cleanliness in the presentation of the works.   - The practice will be scored with a zero in the following cases: 1. If the student does not show up for the practice, regardless of the reason. 2. If the attitude of the student or the quality of the work is very deficient. 3. If the student disrespects the teachers or auxiliary staff. 4. If the student alters the order or the good coexistence in the laboratory, 5- If the student does not bring the necessary material to do the practice.   Final note of the subject of Orthodontics 1   The final mark of the subject will consist of the theoretical exam (70%) and the practice mark (30%)   To establish the mean, both parties, theoretical and practice parts needs to be passed.   Review of exams  

Exam review will be hold the day and hour indicated by the UIC Secretary. 

Class representatives will be set up to review the exam,, the possible doubts will be discussedand and if mistakes are found, changes will be done.

Those students that want to review the exam should ask their class representative. No admission to review will be accepted if it hasn´t been informed previoulsy to the representative.

The final objective of the exam review is to detect mistakes incounting the answers. It will never be a personal class to review each question. The exam would have been previously reviewed by the professors and class representatives

   

Bibliography and resources

1. Proffit W R, Fields H W. Contemporary Orthodontics. 6ª ed. Mosby 2019.

Bibliografia addicional: 

2. Canut J A. Ortodoncia Clínica. 2ª ed. Masson 2000.

3. Bravo L A. Manual de Ortodoncia. Síntesis 2003.

Depending on the topic, the recommended additional bibliography that will be found in the lesson corresponding to the Moodle platform will be specifically provided.

Evaluation period

E: exam date | R: revision date | 1: first session | 2: second session:
  • E1 12/01/2023 A05 10:00h
  • E1 12/01/2023 A12 10:00h
  • E1 12/01/2023 A01 10:00h
  • E1 12/01/2023 A03 10:00h
  • R1 19/01/2023 A11 13:00h
  • E2 15/06/2023 A01 08:00h
  • R2 05/07/2023 A03 10:00h
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