Orthodontics 3
Main language of instruction: Spanish
Other languages of instruction: Catalan, English
Head instructor
Orthodontics (and dentofacial orthopaedics) is the area of dentistry concerned with the supervision, guide and correction of the growth and maturation of dentofacial structures. This includes scenarios requiring the movement of teeth or the correction of altered or abnormal skeletal relations through the application of force and/or the stimuli and direction of the functional forces of the craniofacial complex.
The main responsibilities of orthodontic practice are the diagnosis, prevention, interception and treatment of all forms of malocclusion of the teeth and the associated abnormalities of the bones and soft tissues; the design, application and control of functional and corrective appliances; and the guiding of dentition and its support structures to achieve and maintain optimum relations between the face and cranial structures in physiological and cosmetic harmony.
The study of this area of knowledge, during the clinical courses of the degree, is justified in terms of the basic and fundamental character of orthodontics in the training of the dentistry student.
The knowledge about diagnosis and treatment plan acquired in the subjects Orthodontics 1 and Orthodontics 2 are necessary for a good understanding of the subject Orthodontics 3.
The educational objectives for the subject Orthodontics include a set of teaching activities that must progressively introduce students to the theoretical and practical knowledge required by a general dentist. After completing the curriculum, the dentist must be able to adequately diagnose the malocclusion problems of his patients. When training permits, the dentist must treat these problems and when the problem is more complex, he or she must know when to refer patients to an orthodontics specialist or a multidisciplinary team of professionals. The student must be trained within an environment of treating patients in collaboration with other specialists.
The theoretical syllabus for the second year of the subject has four major sections: 1) Review and in-depth study of the collection of diagnostic data, preparation of the treatment plan and establishment of the treatment sequence and priorities; 2) Study of the biological basis of orthodontics treatment and the main control mechanisms of the orthodontics forces; 3) Study of the appliances (removable, auxiliary, functional and fixed) used in orthodontics treatment; and 4) Study of the treatment based on the age of the patient and the complexity.
1) Diagnosis and treatment plan.
- List of problems, treatment objectives and treatment priorities.
- Therapeutic options.
- Final treatment plan.
2) Biological bases of orthodontic treatment.
Mechanics.
- Concept.
- Definitions: force, centre of gravity, centre of resistance, momentum, torque, centre of rotation.
- Types of movement. Force systems and centres of rotation.
- Basic properties of elastic materials (wires). Types and characteristics of wires.
Biomechanics.
- Concept.
- Tissue reactions to normal function. Biological control of tooth movement.
- Tissue reactions to orthodontic forces. Effects of the force magnitude. Effect of the duration and fall of force.
- Classification of orthodontic forces. Origin of the orthodontic force. Concept of anchorage; types.
- Deleterious effects of orthodontic force.
- Skeletal effects of orthodontic force.
3) Appliances.
- Overview.
- Removable appliances: active plate: construction, indications, pros and cons.
- Intraoral auxiliary appliances: lingual bow, lip bumper, bar for the palate, Nance appliance, quad-helix and disjunctor.
- Extraoral auxiliary appliances: extraoral traction, chin cup, facial mask.
- Functional appliances (FA): definition, indications/contraindications, history, orthopaedic effects, construction bite, elements of FA, classification of FA.
- Fixed appliances: Edgewise appliance: Concept and historical evolution. Component parts of the edgewise appliance: tubes and brackets, auxiliary elements, springs, arcs, rubbers or ties. Treatment phases with the edgewise appliance: alignment, levelling, closure of extraction spaces and finishing. Examples of treatment of malocclusions by using the edgewise appliance.
4) Treatment.
- When to start the orthodontics treatment: cross-bites, Classes III, Classes II, Classes I, impacted canines.
- Treatment of dental problems in childhood: treatment of early and intermediate mixed dentition. Diagnosis. Objectives of treatment. Time of treatment/timing. Early treatments: skeletal, dentals, habits, diastemas, eruption alterations, occlusal problems, space problems.
- Treatment of skeletal problems in childhood: orthopaedia/camouflage/surgery. Orthopaedia: the ideal moment for orthopaedics. Sagittal anomalies: skeletal problems of Class II, skeletal problems of Class III. Transversal problems: skeletal transversal deficit of the maxilla. Vertical issues: orthopaedics on long faces, orthopaedics in short faces.
- Treatments on permanent dentition: diagnosis and treatment plan, treatment objectives, treatment phases: alignment, levelling, correction of molar relationships, anchorage, finishing.
- Complex treatments: types of complex treatments, importance of the diagnosis.
- Master classes provide the theoretical grounding, and the practice theory where appropriate, that forms a basic part of the student’s training. The literature references needed for further study and expansion of the subject under discussion will be provided.
- Seminars: The theoretical programme is reviewed with a greater focus on practical application and allowing for more interaction between the student and lecturer.
- Tutorial sessions: The individualised follow-up of the progress of the student, helping to better orient, and to redirect where appropriate, the training of the student.
Theorical examinations of the subject consist of a multiple choice answers and/ or short answer questions
The multiple choice questions only have one valid question and will discount 0,20 points for every wrong answer.
The theoric exam will be passed with 60/100 which will correspond to a 5 in the final mark.
When the class has been given in English the exam questions can be written in English
If by indication of the Academic Secretariat any student must take the exam on another date or in a different format than the test, an oral exam will be made with a jury with at least two teachers
CUO practice
Attendance is mandatory, attitude and works for Moodle will be evaluated
Final subject mark
The final mark of the subject it consist in one part corresponding to the theorical exam (70%) and the other part corresponding to the practices (30%)
To establish an average, both theorical and practical parts have to be passed.
Review of exams
Delegates will be convened for a review of the review and the correction template and the questions raised by the delegates will be answered. Individual reviews will not be made.
Those students who wish to compare the answer sheet with the correction template must request it through the course delegate. The list of students to be convened will be delivered by the course delegate to the teacher responsible for the subject, who, according to the number of applications, will establish the schedule of the call. A response sheet will not be reviewed without making that prior request.
The purpose of the exam review is to remedy any error of correction or computation of correct answers and only in that case will lead to modification of the note.
2nd Call
The exam will have the same typology as that of the first exam
E: exam date | R: revision date | 1: first session | 2: second session: