Universitat Internacional de Catalunya - Barcelona

Dental Structure and Function

• code 07874
• course 1
• term Semester 2
• type FB
• credits 6

Module: Basic biomedical sciences relevant in dentistry

Matter: Anatomy and Physiology

Main language of instruction: Spanish

Other languages of instruction: Catalan, English

If the student is enrolled for the English track then classes for that subject will be taught in the same language.

Head instructor

Dr. Juan Gonzalo OLIVIERI - jgolivieri@uic.es
Dra. María Teresa SALAGARAY - msalagaray@uic.es

Office hours

contact with:  jgolivieri@uic.es (English group)

                       msalagaray@uic.es (grupo español)

Detailed knowledge of the anatomical structure and the role of the two dentitions (temporary and permanent) of the human being is fundamental for the future dentist to able to successfully perform preventive and curative treatments.

The dental treatment is aimed at both restoring alterations of the dentition and their optimal form and function. Healthy dentition, both in form and function, is the model to imitate when performing procedures as diverse as prostheses, fillings, root canals or orthodontic treatments, and it is only by knowing the exact internal and external morphology of all the teeth that we can perform dental treatments with success.

 This course is essential for each and every one of the clinical disciplines that students will follow in subsequent courses.

Knowledge of the anatomical structures of the head and neck, specifically in the oral cavity and teeth, will help students to understand aspects of dental eruption, tooth position and function within the complex neuromuscular system that performs such important functions as chewing and swallowing and that is significantly involved in speech and in the relationship between people.

1. To gain knowledge of the precise and detailed external and internal anatomy of each tooth.

2. This anatomical knowledge will enable an understanding of the function of each individual tooth and of the dental groups to which they belong.

Specific skills

• Know the morphology and function of the stomatognathic apparatus including appropriate contents in specific Embryology, Anatomy and Physiology.
• Know the morphology and function of the structures that make up the human dentition and the dental support structures
• Recognize in the diagnostic tests by the image of the head and neck, the anatomical structures and identify possible morphological and functional alterations
• Know the biomedical sciences on which dentistry is based to ensure proper oral assistance. These sciences should include appropriate content of: (a). Embryology, anatomy, histology and physiology of the human body (b). Genetics, Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology (c). Microbiology and immunology
• Know the morphology and function of the stomatognathic apparatus, including appropriate contents of specific embryology, anatomy, histology and physiology
• Know how to share information with other healthcare professionals and work as a team
• Understand the importance of maintaining and using records with patient information for further analysis, preserving the confidentiality of the data.
• Understand the basic biomedical sciences on which dentistry is based to ensure proper oral assistance
• Understand and recognize the normal structure and function of the stomatognathic apparatus, at the molecular, cellular, tissue and organic levels, at different stages of life
• Know the scientific method and have a critical capacity to assess established knowledge and novel information. Being able to formulate hypotheses, collect and critically assess information for problem solving, following the scientific method

The student must end up knowing perfectly the dental morphology of each particular tooth through all its faces to end up knowing how to reproduce it in the mouth. Understanding the form from the function.

• Understand and describe the embryological origin of bucomaxilofacial structures. The origin and eruption of dentitions in humans
• Know in detail the specific morphology of permanent dentition
• Being able to recognize the different dental classes and all their differential characteristics in the crown and in the root
• Recognize the anatomical details of the different faces (mesial, distal, vestibular and lingual) of each of the dental pieces of the permanent and temporary dentition
• Know the different tissues that make up the teeth. Its distribution and histological characteristics.
• Being able to reproduce the characteristics of the teeth by modeling or drawing
• Know the position of the teeth in the dental arches, the position of the bones that support them and the function of other elements that contribute to the function of the teeth in the oral cavity
• Solve clinical problems from deductions made with basic knowledge of anatomy and function of teeth
• Identify through imaging techniques, structures of the different topographic regions of the oral cavity and teeth in particular
• Understand and recognize the normal structure and function of the stomatognathic apparatus, at the molecular and cellular level

BLOCK I: INTRODUCTION TO DENTAL MORPHOLOGY.

INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF DENTAL ANATOMY

OBJECTIVES: To know what dental anatomy is. Application of dental anatomy in dentistry and other areas. General characteristics of human dentition.

UNIT 1: Generalities.

Definition. Clinical practice application. Application in other areas.

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BLOCK II: NOMENCLATURE AND DENTAL TERMINOLOGY.

OBJECTIVES: Recognize the different types of dentition. Distinguish, by position, each of the teeth. Know and apply the different dental nomenclatures. Differentiate the parts of each tooth. Compare dimensions and surfaces. Identify the main characteristics of the teeth on both the coronal and root surfaces. Compare the function of each tooth.

UNIT 2: Human dentition.

Definition. Characteristics. Arrangement of teeth in the arches. Dental formula

UNIT 3: Dental nomenclature systems.

Full anatomical definition. Universal system. Zsigmondy-Palmer system. International numbering system.

UNIT 4: Anatomical parts of the tooth.

Crown. Root. Neck. Dental surfaces. Dental divisions Lobes of development. Anatomical elements of the crown.

UNIT 5: Radicular Anatomy.

Internal and external anatomical root morphology. Pulp chamber and root canals. Apical and periapical region. Root morphology of each tooth.

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BLOCK III: ANATOMIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF PERMANENT DENTITION.

OBJECTIVES: Identify the external morphology of the different types of teeth. Distinguish the teeth according to their dental group, arcade to which they belong and type of tooth. 

UNIT 6: Permanent incisors. Unique features. Common and differential characteristics of the incisive class.

6.1 Maxillary central incisor: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Incisal vision. Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision. 

6.2 Maxillary lateral incisor: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Incisal vision. Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.

6.3 Central mandibular incisor: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Incisal vision. Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.

6.4 Mandibular lateral incisor: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Incisal vision. Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.

UNIT 7: Permanent canines. Unique features. Common and differential characteristics of the canine class.

7.1 Maxillary canine: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Incisal vision. Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision. 

7.2 Mandibular canine: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Incisal vision. Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.

UNIT 8: Permanent premolars. Unique features. Common and differential characteristics of the premolar class.

8.1 First maxillary or superior premolar: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Occlusal vision Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.

8.2 Second maxillary or superior premolar: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Occlusal vision Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.

8.3 First mandibular or inferior premolar: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Occlusal vision Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.

8.4 Second mandibular or inferior premolar: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Vestibular and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Occlusal vision Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.

UNIT 9: Permanent molars. Unique features. Common and differential characteristics of the molar class.

9.1 First maxillary or superior molar: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Occlusal vision Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision.

9.2 Second maxillary or superior molar: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Occlusal vision Root Description Characteristics. Vestibular and lingual vision. Proximal vision.

9.3 First mandibular or lower molar: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Occlusal vision Root Description Characteristics. Vestibular and lingual vision. Proximal vision.

9.4 Second mandibular or lower molar: Description of the crown. Free and proximal faces. Buccal and lingual vision. Mesial and distal vision. Occlusal vision Root Description Characteristics. Buccal and lingual vision. Proximal vision. 

9.5 Third maxillary and mandibular molars. General characteristics.

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BLOCK IV: DENTAL TRAINING

OBJECTIVES: Development and eruption of teeth. Stages of dental eruption. Primary dentition Primary dentition replacement. Permanent dentition. Dental age Description and formation of dental tissues: Enamel, dentin, cement and pulp. Periodontal tissues: soft and supportive tissues.

UNIT 10: Embryology.

Introduction to embryology. Generalities of Odontogenesis. Morphogenesis of the dental organ. Development and formation of the coronary pattern. Development and formation of the root pattern. Histogenesis of the dental organ.

UNIT 11: Dental tissues.

Dental tissues: Enamel, enamel, dentin, cement

UNIT 12: Development and dental eruption.

Generalities Stages of dental eruption. Primary dentition Primary dentition replacement. Permanent dentition. Dental age

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OBJECTIVES: General about temporary dentition. Differences between temporary and permanent dentition. Differences between the characteristics of temporary and permanent teeth. Identify the coronal and root morphology of each temporal tooth.

UNIT 13: Temporary incisors.

Generalities Description of the central and lateral incisors.

Comparison with permanent incisors. Similarities and differences.

UNIT 14: Temporary canines.

Generalities Description of the maxillary and mandibular temporal canines. Comparison with permanent canines. Similarities and differences.

UNIT 15: Temporary molars.

Generalities Description of the first maxillary and mandibular temporal molars. Description of the maxillary and mandibular second molars. Comparison with the permanent ones. Similarities and differences.

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BLOCK VI: DENTITION AND ITS FUNCTION

OBJECTIVES: Definition of occlusion. Intersected dental relationships. Occlusal relations anterior and posterior teeth. Optimal occlusion

UNIT 16: Orofacial complex.

Generalities Shape of the teeth Function of the teeth Dental alignment Proximal contacts Embrasures Cervical line Occlusal plane

TOPIC 17: Occlusion.

Definition. Intersected dental relationships. Occlusal relations of the posterior teeth. Dental relationships of the anterior teeth. Occlusal contacts during mandibular movement. Optimal occlusion

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There will be three hours of theoretical content being reinforced by three hours of lab sessions.

The contents of the week will be reinforced through tasks, questionnaires, forums, activities, etc.

 The final evaluation of the subject is made by means of the grade resulting from the sum of the grades of the following three blocks:

1-. PRACTICE: 35% of the final grade. The student must have a minimum of 50% of the score of this block to be able to pass the subject.

- Practice (15%) ASSISTANCE TO PRACTICE IS COMPULSORY. The absence with or without justification to more than three sessions will make it impossible for the student to examine himself and, therefore, to pass the subject, having to recover the practices to be able to present himself in the next convo. For the recovery of these practices the student must pass a written exam before the theoretical exam of the next call.

- Exam (20%)

2-. CONTINUOUS EVALUATION: 15% of the final grade. This grade arises from:

- Attitude and aptitude (3%)

- Continuous evaluation (12%)

 3-. THEORY: 50% of the final grade. 

Those students who are repeating the subject and have the approved block of practices will be able to choose to keep the grade for this block by completing a paper. Failure to deliver or approve said work leads to the suspension of the block of practices and the suspension of the subject in this call. For the recovery of practice section, the student must pass a written exam before the theoretical exam of the next call.

Anatomía Dental, Fisiología y Oclusión de Wheler. Ash MM. Nelson SJ Saunders. Elsevier 8º ed. Madrid:2004

Anatomía de las estructuras Orofaciales. Brand R, Isselhard D. Hardcourt Brace/ Mosby. 6ª ed. Madrid :1999

Anatomía Dental: Aplicaciones Clinicas. Woefel JB. Scheid RC. Masson- Willians &Wilkins.

Morfología dentaria. Carlsen O. Ediciones Doyma, Barcelona,1988.

Principios de Histologia y Embriologia Bucal Con orientación clínica. Avery J, Chiego D. 3ª ed. Elsevier/ Mosby . Madrid 2007.

Histología y embriología bucodental. Gómez de Ferraris ME - Campos Muñoz A. 2ª ed. Editorial Médica Panamericana. 2002.

Embriologia Humana. Gonzalo LM, Lorente M. 2º Ed. Ediciones Eunate. Pamplona : 2000

Atlas

Atlas en color y texto de Anatomía oral, Histología y Embriología. Berkovitz BKB, Holland GR, Moxham BJ. Mosbi/Doyma Libros S.A., Madrid 1995.

Atlas de Microscopia Odontologica. Pecora GE. Ed. Ripano . 2009

· Atlas de Anatomía Humana. Sobotta Becher. Tomo I. 22 Ed. Medica Panamericana: Buenos Aires; Madrid: 2007

· Prometheus. Atlas de Anatomía. Tomo 3 cabeza y cuello. Gilroy AM, MacPherson BR, Ross LM. Medica Panamericana: Buenos Aires; Madrid: 2008

Otros textos de consulta

· Anatomía de la Cabeza para odontólogos. Velayos JL, Santana HD. 4ª edición. Medica Panamericana: Buenos Aires; Madrid: 2007

· Netter. Anatomía de la cabeza y cuello para odontólogos. Norton NS. Netter FH. Elsevier- Masson Barcelona. 2007.

· Anatomía Oral. Sicher/ Du Brul. Du Brul E LL. Doyma Barcelona: 1988

· Anatomía dental y de Cabeza y Cuello. Dunn MJ, Shaphiro C. Interamericana

Material didáctico

· Fichas de Autoevaluación. Netter Anatomía. Cabeza y cuello. Hansen JT, Netter FH. 2ª ed. Elsevier- Masson Barcelona. 2007.

E: exam date | R: revision date | 1: first session | 2: second session:

• E1 14/05/2020 08:00h A02
• E1 14/05/2020 08:00h A01
• E1 14/05/2020 08:00h A03
• R1 04/06/2020 08:00h A01
• E2 18/06/2020 10:00h A01
• R2 02/07/2020 10:00h A01