Subject

Orthodontics 2

  • code 09249
  • course 3
  • term Semester 2
  • type OB
  • credits 4

Main language of instruction: Spanish

Other languages of instruction: Catalan, English

Teaching staff

Head instructor

Dr. Andreu PUIGDOLLERS - andreup@uic.es

Office hours

 

 

Thursday from 10:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m.

 

Dr.Puigdollers

 

andreup@uic.es 


 

Introduction

 

 

Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics is the area of dentistry involving the supervision, guiding and correction of the growth and maturity of dentofacial structures. This includes scenarios requiring the movement of teeth or the correction of altered or abnormal skeletal relations through the application of force and/or the stimuli and direction of the functional forces of the craniofacial complex.
The main responsibilities of orthodontic practice are the diagnosis, prevention, interception and treatment of all forms of malocclusion of the teeth and the associated abnormalities of the bones and soft tissues; the design, application and control of functional and corrective appliances; and the guiding of dentition and its support structures to achieve and maintain optimum relations between the face and cranial structures in physiological and cosmetic harmony.
Due to its basic and essential nature as part of dental training, Orthodontics is justifiably incorporated as a core subject taught over three clinical courses in the Dentistry degree programme. 

 

 

Pre-course requirements

Students must have adquiered in Orthodontics 1 the knowledge necessary in oclusion analysis, facial analysis, panoramic radiograph analysis and the growth of the craneofacial complex. This knowledge will allow a better comprehension of the lectures given in Orthodontics 2.

 


 

Objectives

 

 

The educational objectives for the subject Orthodontics include a set of teaching activities that must progressively introduce students to the theoretical and practical knowledge required by a general dentist.

The theoretical syllabus during the first year of the subject (Orthodontics 1 and 2) is divided into four large blocks: 1) Introduction to orthodontics and review of the structures and functions of the stomatognathic system, 2) Study of dentofacial growth and development, 3) Study of the aetiology and classification of malocclusions, and 4) Study of the different diagnostic methods of orthodontic problems and treatment plan design.

The aim of the laboratory practical sessions is to implement both the theoretical knowledge and the reasoning and manual attitudes and skills required for the diagnosis of malocclusions and the preparation of appliances.


 

Competences / Learning outcomes of the degree programme

  • 01 - Being aware of the essential elements of the dental profession, including the ethical principles and legal responsibilities it involves.
  • 03 - Knowing how to identify the concerns and expectations of patients, as well as how to communicate effectively and clearly, both orally and in writing, with patients, family members, the media and other professionals.
  • 04 - Understanding and recognising the social and psychological aspects that are relevant in terms of treating patients.
  • 05 - Knowing how to apply the correct principles to control anxiety and stress in oneself, in patients and in other memebers of the dentistry team.
  • 07 - Promoting new knowledge and techniques being acquired through autonomous learning, as well as the motivation to achieve quality.
  • 08 - Knowing how to share information with other healthcare professionals and how to work as part of a team.
  • 09 - Understanding the importance of keeping and using patient files in order to subsequently analyse them, while ensuring patient confidentiality is maintained.
  • 10 - Knowing and being able to identify the psychological and physical problems derived from gender violence in order to train students in the prevention, early detection of, care for and rehabilitation of the victims of this type of violence.
  • 11 - Understanding the basic biomedical science Dentistry is based on in order to ensure that adequate dental healthcare is provided.
  • 12 - Understanding and recognising the structure and normal function of the stomatognathic apparatus, at a molecular, cellular, tissue and organic level, during the various stages of life.
  • 13 - Understanding and recognising the science behind the essential bio-materials involved in dental practice as well as immediately managing potential allergies to these.
  • 14 - Being aware of the general processes of the illness, including infection, inflammation, alterations in the immune system, degeneration, neoplasm, metabolic alterations and genetic disorders.
  • 15 - Being familiar with the general pathological characteristics of the illnesses and disorders that affect organic systems, specifically those which have dental repercussions.
  • 17 - Understanding and recognising the principles of ergonomics and safety at work (including the control of cross infection, radiation protection and occupational and biological diseases).
  • 18 - Being aware of, critically evaluating and knowing how to use sources of clinical and biomedical infomation in order to obtain, organise, interpret and communicate scientific and healthcare-related information.
  • 19 - Being aware of scientific methods and having the critical ability to evaluate established knowledge and innovative information. Being able to formulate hypotheses, collect and critically evaluate information in order to resolve problems, in accordance with scientific methods.
  • 20 - Obtaining and creating a medical record containing all the relevant information.
  • 21 - Knowing how to undertake a full dental exam, including the necessary X-ray and complementary exploratory tests, as well as obtaining suitable clinical references.
  • 22 - Having the ability to make an initial diagnostic judgement and establish a reasonable diagnostic strategy, as well as being competent in recognising situations that require urgent dental treatment.
  • 26 - Knowing how to plan and undertake multidisciplinary, sequential and comprehensive dental treatment of limited complexity for patients of all ages and conditions and for patients who require special care.
  • 27 - Outlining and proposing suitable preventative measures for each clinical situation.
  • 32 - Knowing the biomedical science on which Dentistry is based in order to ensure adequate oral and dental care. This science must include material on: (a). Embryology, anatomy, histology and the physiology of the human body (b). Genetics, Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology and (c). Microbiology and immunology.
  • 33 - Knowing the morphology and function of the stomatognathic apparatus, including material on embriology, anatomy, histology and specific physiology
  • 36 - Knowing the danger of ionising radiation and its impact on biological tissue, as well as the legislation that regulates its use. Knowing how to manage dental radiodiagnostic facilities
  • 37 - Undertaking the x-rays that are necessary in dental practice, interpreting the images obtained and learning about other important image-based diagnosis techniques
  • 40 - Identifying the main reason for the consultation and the history of the current disease. Creating a general medical record and a clinical record which accurately reflect the patient's notes
  • 59 - Knowing the oral manifestations of systemic diseases
  • 62 - Conocer y manejar las emergencias y urgencias médicas más frecuentes en la práctica odontológica y en las técnicas de reanimación cardiorrespiratoria básica
  • 64 - Undertaking basic oral and dental pathology treatments for patients of all ages. The treatment procedures should be minimally invasive and based on a comprehensive and integrated approach to oral and dental treatment
  • 69 - Identifying patients who require special care, recognising the characteristics and peculiarities of such cases
  • 72 - Appropriate medical prescriptions, while being aware of their guidelines and warnings, systemic effects and repercussions on other organs
  • 75 - Identifying, evaluating and attending to medical emergencies which may arise during clinical practice and apply cardiopulmonary recuscitation techniques; manage severe infections, including pharmaceutical prescriptions and simple surgical aspects
  • 76 - Identifying and dealing with any dental emergencies
  • 79 - Treating dento-alveolar trauma in temporary and permanent dentitions
  • 88 - To undertake non-surgical treatment for temporo-mandibular disorders and oro-facial pain
  • 89 - To undertake bucco-dental treatment on young patients and recognise its characteristics and peculiarities
  • 91 - To plan and determine the specific characteristics of the design, records, prescription, clinical trails, placement and clinical adjustment for fitting removable and fixed space-maintainers and interceptive orthodontic techniques as well as extractable active elements destined to reposition teeth or correct an overbite

Learning outcomes of the subject

 

 

After completing the curriculum, the dentist must be able to adequately diagnose the malocclusion problems of his patients. When training permits, the dentist must treat these problems and when the problem is more complex, he or she must know when to refer patients to an orthodontics specialist or a multidisciplinary team of professionals.

 

  • 4.116 - Know and recognize the etiology of malocclusions
  • 4.122 - Know how to make a correct analysis of the plaster models
  • 4.124 - Recognize anatomical structures in the lateral skull radiography
  • 4.125 - Know how to make a cephalometric analysis of a lateral tele radiography of the skull
  • 4.126 - Know how to make a list of diagnostic problems and structure it properly
  • 4.127 - Know the biological basis of dental treatment, its mechanical and biomechanical principles
  • 4.129 - Acquire skills in bending wire
  • 4.130 - Know how to make a removable orthodontic appliance

Syllabus

 

 

Anatomy of lateral, frontal and basal teleradiography.

Introduction to cephalometry, history, points and planes.

Steiner’s cephalometry.

Interpretation of Steiner’s cephalometry and other measurements of other cephalometric analyses.

Optimal occlusion:  Andrews’ keys. Faces and dental and skeletal malocclusions.

Aetiology of malocclusions.

Comprehensive diagnosis: list of problems 1.

Comprehensive diagnosis: list of problems 2.

Objectives of treatment 1.

Objectives of treatment 2.

Treatment plan 1.

Treatment plan 2.

Integrated cases 1.

Integrated cases 2.

 

Teaching and learning activities

In person

 

 

Master classes: Providing basic knowledge. The literature references needed for further study and expansion of the subject under discussion will be provided.
Seminars: The theoretical programme is reviewed with a greater focus on practical application and allowing for more interaction between the student and lecturer.
Laboratory practical sessions: Practical application of the theoretical knowledge. They shall help to promote the necessary attitudinal and manual skills.

Tutorial sessions: Individualised monitoring and help with the student’s progress.


 

Evaluation systems and criteria

In person

 

Theoric Exam :

 Theorical examinations of the subject consist of a multiple choice answers and/ or short answer questions

The multiple choice questions only have one valid question  and will discount 0,20 points for every wrong answer.

The theoric exam will be passed with 50/100 which will correspond to a 5 in the final mark.

If by indication of the Academic Secretariat any student must take the exam on another date or in a different format than the test, an oral exam will be made with a jury with at least two teachers


Practical evaluation.

Attendance at internships is compulsory.

Each practice day will be evaluated with a score of 0 to 10.

To carry out the practice it is essential to bring the practical dossier, which can be purchased in the copy shop or downloaded from Moodle. Photo practice should be in color.

The student should be informed of material needed to carry out the practice wellin advence.

The student must bring the computer in each practice.

The gown is essential in all practices, both in the classroom and the laboratory. Assistance to practice is not allowed without the gown.

Puntuality is required. Delays imply a decrease in the qualification of the practice. it is considered late to arrive 15 minutes late to practice.

The assignment of the job in the laboratory is personal and not transferable throughout the course.

During practice the student is responsible for the material that gives the faculty and must use it correctly and return it in the same conditions in which it has received. the job must be clean at the end of the practice.

During the course there may be assessments of diferents format.

 

Practices evaluation: 

It will take in account:

The attitude.

The participation.

The implementation of acquired theoretical knowledge.

The prgress of manual ability.

the neatness of the job.

 

The practice will be scored with a zero in the following cases:

  • If the student does not attend practice, regardless of the reason.
  • If the attitude of the student or the quality of work is very poor.
  • If the student lacks respect for teachers or auxiliary staff
  • If the student changes the order or the good coexistence in the laboratory
  • If the student attends without the necessary material to do the practice.

 

Final subject mark

The final mark of the subject it consist in one part corresponding to the theorical exam (70%) and the other part corresponding to the practices (30%)

To establish an average, both  theorical and practical parts have to be passed.

 

Exam review 

Delegates will be summoned for a exam reviw and the correction template and the questions raised by the delegates will be answered. Individual reviews will not be made.

Those students who wish to compare the answer sheet with the correction template must request it through the delegate. The list of students to be convened will be delivered by the course delegate to the teacher responsible of the subject, and according to the number of applications, will establish the schedule of the call. A response sheet will not be reviewed without making that prior request.

The purpose of the exam review is to remedy any error of correction or computation of correct answers and only in that case will lead to modification of the note.

 

 

Bibliography and resources

  1. Proffit W R, Fields H W. Contemporary Orthodontics. 5ª ed. Mosby 2013.
  2. Canut J A. Ortodoncia Clínica. 2ª ed. Masson 2000.
  3. Bravo L A. Manual de Ortodoncia. Síntesis 2003.

 

 

Depending on the specific topic, an additional recommended literature list will be provided.

 

 

Evaluation period

E: exam date | R: revision date | 1: first session | 2: second session:

  • E1 21/05/2020 10:00h A03
  • E1 21/05/2020 10:00h A01
  • E1 21/05/2020 10:00h A02
  • R1 04/06/2020 10:00h A01
  • E2 25/06/2020 10:00h A03
  • R2 02/07/2020 10:00h A20
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