Universitat Internacional de Catalunya
Orthodontics 4
Other languages of instruction: Catalan, English
Teaching staff
Dr. Andreu Puigdollers
andreup@uic.es
Introduction
Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics is the area of dentistry involving the supervision, guiding and correction of the growth and maturity of dentofacial structures. This includes scenarios requiring the movement of teeth or the correction of altered or abnormal skeletal relations through the application of force and/or the stimuli and direction of the functional forces of the craniofacial complex. The main responsibilities of orthodontic practice are the diagnosis, prevention, interception and treatment of all forms of malocclusion of the teeth and the associated abnormalities of the bones and soft tissues; the design, application and control of functional and corrective appliances; and the guiding of dentition and its support structures to achieve and maintain optimum relations between the face and cranial structures in physiological and cosmetic harmony. Due to its basic and essential nature as part of Dental training, Orthodontics is justifiably incorporated as a core subject taught over three clinical courses in the Undergraduate Degree in Dentistry.
In Orthodontics 4, students are given a multidisciplinary Orthodontics perspective in light of its relationship with other dental specialist areas such as periodontics, prosthesis, the pathology of the temporomandibular joint and orthognathic surgery. This subject also covers the stability of treatment and procedures to prevent the recurrence of the treatment, and the handling of emergencies that could arise during orthodontic treatment.
Pre-course requirements
Through the training received during the third and four years of the degree programme, in Orthodontics 1, 2 and 3, students will have acquired skills in the diagnosis of orthodontic problems and in the use of the appliances used to treat malocclusions. This knowledge shall allow students to be introduced to more complex and interdiciplinary treatments where the orthodontist works alongside other specialists to ensure the oral rehabilitation of the patient.
Objectives
The content of the theoretical program of "Ortoodncia 4", seeks a general overview of the role of orthodontics at the interdisciplinary treatments.
- To learn about the characteristics of adult orthodontic treatment
- To learn about the use of skeletal anchorage and implants in othe orthodontic treatments.
- To learn about the orthodontic treatments in periodontal patients.
- To learn about the relationship between orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular joint dysfunction
- To learn about the most common emergencies pertaining to orthodontic treatment
- To learn about the causes of relapse involving orthodontic treatment and stabilisation appliances.
- To know the advanced diagnosis if the eruption problems.
- To know about the orthognatic and surgical orthodontic treatments.
Competences/Learning outcomes of the degree programme
- 01 - Being aware of the essential elements of the dental profession, including the ethical principles and legal responsibilities it involves.
- 03 - Knowing how to identify the concerns and expectations of patients, as well as how to communicate effectively and clearly, both orally and in writing, with patients, family members, the media and other professionals.
- 04 - Understanding and recognising the social and psychological aspects that are relevant in terms of treating patients.
- 05 - Knowing how to apply the correct principles to control anxiety and stress in oneself, in patients and in other memebers of the dentistry team.
- 07 - Promoting new knowledge and techniques being acquired through autonomous learning, as well as the motivation to achieve quality.
- 08 - Knowing how to share information with other healthcare professionals and how to work as part of a team.
- 09 - Understanding the importance of keeping and using patient files in order to subsequently analyse them, while ensuring patient confidentiality is maintained.
- 10 - Knowing and being able to identify the psychological and physical problems derived from gender violence in order to train students in the prevention, early detection of, care for and rehabilitation of the victims of this type of violence.
- 11 - Understanding the basic biomedical science Dentistry is based on in order to ensure that adequate dental healthcare is provided.
- 12 - Understanding and recognising the structure and normal function of the stomatognathic apparatus, at a molecular, cellular, tissue and organic level, during the various stages of life.
- 13 - Understanding and recognising the science behind the essential bio-materials involved in dental practice as well as immediately managing potential allergies to these.
- 14 - Being aware of the general processes of the illness, including infection, inflammation, alterations in the immune system, degeneration, neoplasm, metabolic alterations and genetic disorders.
- 15 - Being familiar with the general pathological characteristics of the illnesses and disorders that affect organic systems, specifically those which have dental repercussions.
- 17 - Understanding and recognising the principles of ergonomics and safety at work (including the control of cross infection, radiation protection and occupational and biological diseases).
- 18 - Being aware of, critically evaluating and knowing how to use sources of clinical and biomedical infomation in order to obtain, organise, interpret and communicate scientific and healthcare-related information.
- 19 - Being aware of scientific methods and having the critical ability to evaluate established knowledge and innovative information. Being able to formulate hypotheses, collect and critically evaluate information in order to resolve problems, in accordance with scientific methods.
- 20 - Obtaining and creating a medical record containing all the relevant information.
- 21 - Knowing how to undertake a full dental exam, including the necessary X-ray and complementary exploratory tests, as well as obtaining suitable clinical references.
- 22 - Having the ability to make an initial diagnostic judgement and establish a reasonable diagnostic strategy, as well as being competent in recognising situations that require urgent dental treatment.
- 26 - Knowing how to plan and undertake multidisciplinary, sequential and comprehensive dental treatment of limited complexity for patients of all ages and conditions and for patients who require special care.
- 27 - Outlining and proposing suitable preventative measures for each clinical situation.
- 32 - Knowing the biomedical science on which Dentistry is based in order to ensure adequate oral and dental care. This science must include material on: (a). Embryology, anatomy, histology and the physiology of the human body (b). Genetics, Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology and (c). Microbiology and immunology.
- 33 - Knowing the morphology and function of the stomatognathic apparatus, including material on embriology, anatomy, histology and specific physiology
- 36 - Knowing the danger of ionising radiation and its impact on biological tissue, as well as the legislation that regulates its use. Knowing how to manage dental radiodiagnostic facilities
- 37 - Undertaking the x-rays that are necessary in dental practice, interpreting the images obtained and learning about other important image-based diagnosis techniques
- 40 - Identifying the main reason for the consultation and the history of the current disease. Creating a general medical record and a clinical record which accurately reflect the patient's notes
- 59 - Knowing the oral manifestations of systemic diseases
- 62 - Conocer y manejar las emergencias y urgencias médicas más frecuentes en la práctica odontológica y en las técnicas de reanimación cardiorrespiratoria básica
- 64 - Undertaking basic oral and dental pathology treatments for patients of all ages. The treatment procedures should be minimally invasive and based on a comprehensive and integrated approach to oral and dental treatment
- 69 - Identifying patients who require special care, recognising the characteristics and peculiarities of such cases
- 72 - Appropriate medical prescriptions, while being aware of their guidelines and warnings, systemic effects and repercussions on other organs
- 75 - Identifying, evaluating and attending to medical emergencies which may arise during clinical practice and apply cardiopulmonary recuscitation techniques; manage severe infections, including pharmaceutical prescriptions and simple surgical aspects
- 76 - Identifying and dealing with any dental emergencies
- 79 - Treating dento-alveolar trauma in temporary and permanent dentitions
- 88 - To undertake non-surgical treatment for temporo-mandibular disorders and oro-facial pain
- 89 - To undertake bucco-dental treatment on young patients and recognise its characteristics and peculiarities
- 91 - To plan and determine the specific characteristics of the design, records, prescription, clinical trails, placement and clinical adjustment for fitting removable and fixed space-maintainers and interceptive orthodontic techniques as well as extractable active elements destined to reposition teeth or correct an overbite
Learning outcomes of the subject
- 4.108 - Consult with the necessary specialists for a comprehensive treatment
- 4.131 - Know the general principles of the orthodontic and interdisciplinary treatments in children and adolescents
- 4.132 - Know the general principles of interdisciplinary treatment in adults
- 4.133 - Acquire the discipline to focus interdisciplinary treatments
Syllabus
- Adult orthodontics, pre-prosthetic orthodontics
- Emergencies / Orthodontics and pathology of TMJ
- Skeletal anchorage and implants in orthodontic treatments.
- Treatments of Orthodontics – Periodontics
- Treatments of Orthodontics - Orthognathic surgery
- Alterations of teeth eruption (advanced)
- Interdisciplianri treatments. Orthodontic-Aesthetic Dentistry. Missing lateral incisors.
Teaching and learning activities
In person
The entire teaching load will be done in face-to-face format, both theoretical in the classroom and practical in the CUO. 1. Lectures: They teach the basic knowledge. They include the bibliographic references necessary for the study and expansion of the subject discussed. They will be in person. 2. Seminars: They are a much more practical side of the theoretical syllabus. They allow a more agile student-teacher interaction. They are done during face-to-face practices at the CUO with Orthodontics residents. 3. Tutoring (voluntary): Follow-up and individualized help of the student's progress, especially for those with learning problems, or for those who are suspended.
Evaluation systems and criteria
In person
Theoretical exam (onsite)
The ordinary examination can be a multiple choice test or a short answer exam. The exam can be in the three official languages of the UIC.
The questions of the multiple choice test will be projected on the room´s screen. The student will be provided with a booklet with all the possible answers. The front page of the booklet is where the student should mark with an "X" the answer that consider is the correct one.
Multiple choice test has only one valid answer and each incorrrect answer substracts 0,20 points.
A minimun of 5 is needed to pass the exam, once the incorrect answers are counted.
If the Academic Secretary authorize it, the student can have a different kind of exam, either of short answer questions, or an oral one to defend in front of a tribunal with at least two professors.
CUO practices
CUO practices with the Orhodontic Master are mandatory.
The evaluation will consider the attitude, punctuality, and collaboration with the treatment done by the resident, and the assignment that will be handed out at the end of the practice.
The aasignment will be to write down the chief complaint, list of problems, objectives of treatment, the treatment plan and a brief description of the visit of two patients.
The mark of the practice will be part of the general CUO practices mark.
Final mark
The final mark will consist of theoritical exam (70%) and practice mark (30%).
To establish the mean, theoretical and practice parts needs to be passed.
Exam review
Exam review will be hold the day and hour indicated by the UIC Secretary.
Class representatives will be set up to review the exam, possible doubts will be discussed and if
mistakes are found, changes will be done.
Those students that want to review the exam should ask their class representative. No admission to review will be accepted if it hasn´t been informed previoulsy to the representative.
The final objective of the exam review is to detect mistakes in counting the answers. It will never be a personal class to review each question. The exam would have been previously reviewed by theprofessors and class representatives.
Bibliography and resources
Basic references:
1. Proffit W R, Fields H W. Contemporary Orthodontics. 6ª ed. Mosby 2019.
2. Graber LW, Vanarsdall RL, Vig KWL, Huang GJ. Orthodontics. Current Principles and Techniques. 6ª ed. Elsevier 2017.
3. Bravo González LA. Teoría y Pràctica de la Ortodoncia. Ed. Lisermed 2023.
Depending on the specific topic, if it is necessary, an additional recommended literature list will be provided bu the professor.
Evaluation period
- E1 09/01/2024 A16 08:00h
- E1 09/01/2024 A12 08:00h
- E1 09/01/2024 A15 08:00h
- R1 29/01/2024 A03 13:00h
- E2 26/06/2024 A03 08:00h