Universitat Internacional de Catalunya

Public Health: Demography and Epidemiology

Public Health: Demography and Epidemiology
5
7655
5
Second semester
OB
Medicina social, habilidades de comunicación e iniciación a la investigación
Salud pública: demografía y epidemiología
Main language of instruction: Spanish

Teaching staff


The Moodle page of the course is the official channel for information and communication. All teaching materials (syllabus, bibliography, revision exercises, forms, data files, etc.), as well as assignments, the course schedule and relevant announcements, will be published there. Dedicated forums will also be available for questions and academic support.

Communication forums

Communication between teaching staff and students will take place primarily through the virtual campus forums, which are the regular communication channels for the course:

  • Announcements forum: a one-way forum, for use exclusively by teaching staff, intended to communicate information related to the organisation of the course, procedures or content of general interest. This forum is mandatory reading, and it is the student’s responsibility to remain up to date with the messages posted.

  • Questions forum: an open forum for academic questions and queries, with shared participation. Any student enrolled in the course may participate. The forum will be moderated by the teaching staff and its reading is voluntary. Questions addressed to the teaching staff through this forum will be answered within a maximum of 48 teaching hours (excluding weekends and non-teaching days).

Communication by email

Email is reserved exclusively for communications of a strictly personal nature. Personal communications are understood as those referring to individual situations requiring confidentiality and which cannot be addressed in public or shared spaces, such as medical or health-related circumstances, unforeseen personal or family situations, officially recognised academic accommodations, or individual administrative issues.

General academic questions, including queries related to course content, assessment, grading criteria, dates or course organisation, must be posted in the virtual campus forums, in order to ensure transparency and equal access to information for all students. Academic queries sent by email may not be answered and, where appropriate, may be redirected to the corresponding forum. Teaching staff are not obliged to respond to academic queries sent by email.

Support outside the classroom

Students are encouraged to contact the teaching staff with any questions or concerns related to their progress in the course. For this purpose, face-to-face tutorials may be requested through a shared calendar, where students can select an available time slot. Students are advised to raise any difficulties or concerns as early as possible to facilitate timely and effective support.

Course coordinator:
Dr. Carlos García Forero
Email: cgarciaf@uic.es

Introduction

Public health is the scientific and professional field that aims to protect and improve the health and well-being of populations, addressing health problems from a collective and preventive perspective. As its methodology, epidemiology is a scientific discipline within medicine that studies the distribution, frequency and determinants of diseases in human populations. 

Public health brings together core disciplines such as epidemiology, biostatistics, demography, research methodology, disease prevention and health promotion, and also includes health management and policy as well as social and behavioural sciences. It further encompasses key cross-cutting competencies increasingly required in healthcare, including data handling and interpretation, communication, programme and health technology planning and evaluation, professionalism, leadership, and awareness of cultural diversity and health equity.

The course Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health equips students with the tools to critically appraise scientific evidence and to apply epidemiological reasoning to both clinical decision-making (diagnosis, prognosis, effectiveness of interventions) and public health decision-making (surveillance, screening, prevention and intervention evaluation). It also connects with applied fields such as occupational health, maternal and child health, environmental health, health services management and health technology assessment. Overall, the course aims to develop the ability to identify health problems, analyse them rigorously, and propose evidence-informed improvement plans that are feasible in practice.

Pre-course requirements

To have passed the following subjects:

- Introduction to Epidemiology

- Management of Scientific Information

- Biostatistics

 

Objectives

By the end of the course Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health, students will be able to:

  1. Apply epidemiological reasoning to clinical and population-based decision-making, integrating scientific evidence with the healthcare context.

  2. Calculate and interpret the main epidemiological indicators (measures of frequency, association and impact) and assess their clinical and public health relevance.

  3. Select the most appropriate study design according to the research question, the frequency of the outcome (incidence/prevalence), feasibility and ethical considerations.

  4. Evaluate diagnostic tests and understand their usefulness in clinical practice through the calculation and interpretation of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios.

  5. Distinguish bias, random error and confounding, identify strategies to control them, assess when it is reasonable to infer causal relationships, and recognise effect modification/interactions.

  6. Critically appraise epidemiological studies and clinical trials, assessing their internal and external validity and the applicability of their results to real clinical practice.

  7. Evaluate screening strategies and interventions, weighing benefits, risks and applicability across different clinical and population settings.

  8. Analyse public health problems by incorporating social determinants of health, prevention and health promotion, and an equity perspective.

  9. Design and plan strategies for disease prevention and health promotion tailored to different healthcare settings and population groups, including basic evaluation criteria.

  10. Understand and apply basic concepts of health economics (efficiency and cost-effectiveness) in the assessment of health programmes and interventions.

  11. Develop an individual research proposal with online supervision, structured in three phases:
        a) introduction and justification of the problem, including identification of the knowledge gap;
        b) formulation of the research question, objectives and hypotheses;
        c) proposed study methodology.

Competences/Learning outcomes of the degree programme

  • 10 - To understand and recognise the agents and risk factors which determine health status, and learn how they determine the symptoms and natural development of acute or chronic diseases in individuals and populations.
  • 12 - Understanding the foundations for action, the indications and efficacy of therapeutic interventions, based on available scientific evidence.
  • 19 - Propose preventive measures appropriate to each clinical situation.
  • 23 - Communicate effectively and clearly, both orally and in writing with patients, family members, media and other professionals.
  • 25 - Recognize the determinants of public health; genetic and sex-dependent lifestyle, demographic, environmental, social, economic, psychological and cultural determinants.
  • 26 - Assume role in the prevention and protection from diseases, injuries or accidents and maintenance and promotion of health, both individual and at the community level.
  • 27 - Recognize role in multidisciplinary teams, assuming leadership when appropriate, for the delivery of health care, such as interventions for health promotion.
  • 28 - Obtaining and using epidemiological data and assess trends and risks in health related decision-making.
  • 29 - Understand national and international health organisations, and the environments and conditions of the different health care systems.
  • 31 - Understand, critically evaluate and know how to use sources of clinical and biomedical information to obtain, organize, interpret and communicate scientific and health care information.
  • CTP-3 - To develop critical thinking and reasoning as well as self-assessment skills.
  • CTS-1 - To know the principles of leadership and decision making in ordinary situations or in conflicts with and between various ethical, legal and professional elements.
  • CTS-2 - To demonstrate sensitivity to environmental issues and act accordingly.

Learning outcomes of the subject

By the end of the course, the student will be able to:

  1. Apply epidemiological reasoning to analyse clinical and public health problems and justify decisions based on scientific evidence.

  2. Calculate and interpret the main epidemiological measures of frequency, association and impact, and assess their clinical and population relevance.

  3. Select and justify the most appropriate study design according to a specific research question, taking into account feasibility, ethical considerations and methodological limitations.

  4. Evaluate the usefulness of diagnostic tests and screening strategies, interpreting sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios, as well as the benefit–risk balance.

  5. Identify and analyse bias, random error, confounding and effect modification, and propose appropriate strategies for their control.

  6. Critically appraise observational studies and clinical trials, determining their internal and external validity and the applicability of results to real clinical practice.

  7. Analyse public health problems by incorporating social determinants of health, prevention and health promotion, and an equity perspective, and propose basic lines of intervention and evaluation.

  8. Develop an individual research proposal including justification of the knowledge gap, formulation of the research question, objectives and hypotheses, and a coherent study methodology, integrating basic efficiency and cost-effectiveness considerations when appropriate.

Syllabus

DateStart time End time GroupTopicLecturer
28/01/2026 18:00 20:00 ALL T1.- Introduction to Epidemiology GARCÍA FORERO, Carlos
02/02/2026 16:00 18:00 ALL T2.- Measures and Indicators GARCÍA FORERO, Carlos
06/02/2026 16:00 18:00 A Case method 1.- Measures and indicators PONS, Luciana
06/02/2026 18:00 20:00 B Case method 1.- Measures and indicators PONS, Luciana
10/02/2026 18:00 20:00 ALL T3.- Design of observational studies GARCÍA FORERO, Carlos
23/02/2026 18:00 20:00 ALL T4.- Causality, error, bias, confounding and interaction GARCÍA FORERO, Carlos
25/02/2026 16:00 18:00 B Case method 2.- Design of observational studies PONS, Luciana
25/02/2026 18:00 20:00 A Case method 2.- Design of observational studies PONS, Luciana
26/02/2026 18:00 20:00 ALL T5.- Study design: clinical trials SÁNCHEZ MARTÍNEZ, Néstor
04/03/2026 16:00 18:00 B Case method 3.- Clinical trials SÁNCHEZ MARTÍNEZ, Néstor
04/03/2026 18:00 20:00 A Case method 3.- Clinical trials SÁNCHEZ MARTÍNEZ, Néstor
09/03/2026 16:00 18:00 B Case method 4.- Meta-analysis GARCÍA FORERO, Carlos
09/03/2026 18:00 20:00 A Case method 4.- Meta-analysis GARCÍA FORERO, Carlos
10/03/2026 16:00 18:00 ALL T6.- Study design: diagnostic and prognostic tests GARCÍA FORERO, Carlos
16/03/2026 18:00 20:00 ALL MIDTERM EXAM  
23/03/2026 18:00 20:00 ALL T7.- Natural history of disease GARCÍA FORERO, Carlos
24/03/2026 18:00 20:00 ALL T8.- Social determinants of health GONZÁLEZ MARRÓN, Adrián
08/04/2026 18:00 20:00 ALL T9.- Disease prevention and health promotion NAVARRO RUBIO, Maria Dolores
17/04/2026 16:00 18:00 B Case method 5.- Social determinants of health GONZÁLEZ MARRÓN, Adrián
17/04/2026 18:00 20:00 A Case method 5.- Social determinants of health GONZÁLEZ MARRÓN, Adrián
24/04/2026 16:00 18:00 ALL T10.- Models of patient care NAVARRO RUBIO, Maria Dolores
29/04/2026 16:00 18:00 ALL T11.- Communicable diseases VARO, Rosauro
04/05/2026 16:00 18:00 ALL T12.- Non-communicable diseases and global health VARO, Rosauro
06/05/2026 16:00 18:00 B Case method 6.- Communicable diseases and vaccination VARO, Rosauro
06/05/2026 18:00 20:00 A Case method 6.- Communicable diseases and vaccination VARO, Rosauro
08/05/2026 16:00 18:00 A Case method 7.- Global health VARO, Rosauro
08/05/2026 18:00 20:00 B Case method 7.- Global health VARO, Rosauro
14/05/2026 18:00 20:00 ALL T13.- Health systems and health economics GARCÍA FORERO, Carlos
15/05/2026 18:00 20:00 ALL T14.- Health surveillance BADIA PÉREZ, Josep Maria
19/05/2026 14:00 16:00 A Case method 8.- Health surveillance BADIA PÉREZ, Josep Maria
19/05/2026 16:00 18:00 B Case method 8.- Health surveillance BADIA PÉREZ, Josep Maria
20/05/2026 16:00 20:00 ALL T15.- The future of public health GARCÍA FORERO, Carlos

Teaching and learning activities

In person



The course is designed to enable students to apply epidemiological reasoning in real-world situations, rather than merely handling theoretical concepts. To this end, it combines structured explanations with activities focused on application, discussion and individual production.

Lectures

Lectures introduce and organise the key concepts of each topic. They are developed using examples closely related to clinical practice, short in-class questions and interpretation exercises (tables, results and graphs), with the aim of fostering understanding and linking theory to practice.

Practical cases / Problem-Based Learning (CBL and PBL)

Practical case sessions focus on solving clinical and population-based problems. Students work in groups to identify relevant information, interpret results and justify decisions (diagnosis, screening, intervention or surveillance), prioritising critical thinking, argumentation and evidence-based decision-making. These activities form part of the continuous assessment.

Individual final project with online supervision: Study Design Workshop

Each student will develop an individual research proposal, with progressive guidance and feedback. The project is structured into three submissions:
a) introduction and justification, including identification of the knowledge gap,
b) formulation of the research question, objectives and hypotheses,
c) proposed methodology.

The aim is to train students in formulating relevant research questions and designing coherent studies, integrating the content covered in lectures and case-based sessions.

Assessed online forums

Three forums linked to key course topics will be conducted, aimed at fostering critical reflection and debate grounded in scientific evidence. Assessment will focus on the quality of reasoning, argumentative capacity and respectful, constructive interaction with peers’ contributions.

Academic tutorials

Face-to-face and/or online tutorials will be offered to resolve questions, guide the final project and support the consolidation of key learning outcomes, particularly in critical reading, study design and practical application of course content.

On-site delivery and organisation

The course is delivered in face-to-face mode. Lectures and activities organised in split groups will be conducted on campus, with attendance by assigned groups where applicable.

No activity is compulsory in terms of attendance; however, students should note that all assessed activities are conducted on site and are not recoverable.

In split-group sessions, students must attend the group to which they have been assigned. Group changes will only be authorised on an exceptional basis by the course coordinator, following a formal request submitted at least 48 hours in advance. Missed activities will not be rescheduled.

The course carries 6 ECTS credits, corresponding to an estimated total workload of 150–180 hours, including face-to-face activities and independent study.

Submission deadlines

All submission deadlines are strict. Students are responsible for the content and format of the material submitted. Deadline extensions, revisions or corrections after submission will not be accepted, except in cases expressly provided for under faculty or university regulations.

Academic conduct and classroom environment

The course is conducted within a professional and academic environment, consistent with medical training. Students are expected to demonstrate respectful behaviour, individual responsibility and appropriate participation, ensuring a safe and orderly learning environment for all.

Use of devices and classroom behaviour

The use of laptops, tablets or mobile phones during face-to-face sessions is permitted only when directly related to teaching activities. Use of devices for purposes unrelated to the course may result in a warning and, if repeated, removal from the classroom.

Punctuality

In lectures, students may enter or leave after the session has begun, provided this is done respectfully and without disrupting the academic activity.
In examinations and assessed activities, entry will not be permitted once the assessment has started.

Audio-visual recording and copyright

Lecturers’ explanations are considered academic lectures and are protected by intellectual property and image rights. Unless expressly authorised, audio or video recording, photography and dissemination of such materials are prohibited, as is the recording of other students’ interventions.

Students’ notes are authorised exclusively for personal academic use and for sharing among students enrolled in the course during the academic year. Public dissemination outside the duration of the course is not permitted without the lecturer’s express authorisation.

In accordance with Spanish Law 3/2022, of 24 February, on university coexistence, the improper use of recording or reproduction devices in protected university activities constitutes a serious offence. Any such incidents will be reported to the University Coexistence Committee, which will determine the applicable sanctions.

Academic integrity and prohibited conduct

Conduct contrary to academic integrity includes, but is not limited to:

  • communicating with others or using devices during quizzes or examinations,

  • accessing mobile phones, tablets or other devices during assessed activities,

  • presenting tasks or assignments completed by others as one’s own,

  • completing individual activities collectively when this is not authorised,

  • plagiarising content in any course activity,

  • improper use of artificial intelligence tools, except where expressly authorised for a given activity and without the required declaration of authorship and non-use of AI, in accordance with course instructions,

  • submitting group work without having participated in its completion.

Such conduct may result in immediate academic measures, including removal from the classroom or a failing grade for the relevant activity, as well as referral to the appropriate academic authorities, in accordance with current regulations.

Evaluation systems and criteria

In person



Assessment in this course is governed by the principles of objectivity, transparency, equal treatment and uniform application of criteria to all students. The final grade is obtained through the weighted sum of the assessed activities described below, in accordance with the specified criteria, formats and conditions. Any situation not explicitly covered in this document will be resolved in accordance with the academic regulations of the faculty and the university.

1) Structure and weighting: where does my grade come from?

Ordinary assessment (100%)

  • Final exam: 50%

  • Midterm exam: 15%

  • Cases / PBL (8 cases): 25%

  • Individual final project: 10%

Additional activity (bonus, no penalty if not completed):

  • Assessed online forums: +10% extra

The bonus is added to the final grade calculated over the 100%, but the final course grade may never exceed 10/10.
Important: not completing the bonus activity does not result in any penalty.

2) Requirements to pass the course

To pass the course, all three conditions must be met:

  • Obtain a grade ≥ 5.0/10 in the final exam (ordinary call) or in the extraordinary exam (second call), as applicable.

  • Obtain a final overall grade ≥ 5.0/10 after applying all weightings.

  • Comply with the submission requirements for all assessed activities.

Key clarification: the bonus is applied only to the final overall grade (it may help meet the second requirement), but it cannot compensate a final or extraordinary exam grade below 5.0/10. The course cannot be passed if the final exam grade is below 5.

3) On-site examinations (paper-based) Midterm exam (15%)
  • Multiple-choice test: 30 questions (4 options) with negative marking.

  • Short case: 1 case (structured answer, assessed using a rubric).

  • Internal weighting: 70% test / 30% case.

Test calculation (midterm):
Raw score: P = A − 0.33·F (A = correct answers, F = incorrect answers)
Test grade (0–10): (P / 30) · 10
Minimum test grade: 0
Unanswered questions: 0

Final exam (50%)
  • Multiple-choice test: 50 questions (4 options) with negative marking.

  • Written case: 1 case (structured answer, assessed using a rubric).

  • Internal weighting: 70% test / 30% case.

Test calculation (final):
Raw score: P = A − 0.33·F
Test grade (0–10): (P / 50) · 10
Minimum test grade: 0
Unanswered questions: 0

Exam grade (midterm or final):
0.70 · (test grade) + 0.30 · (case grade)

4) Cases / PBL (25% of the total)

There are 8 cases. Each case accounts for 3.125% of the final grade (25% / 8).

How they work

  • Cases are completed in class, on paper.

  • At the end of the session, students perform self-correction using a different colour, following guided correction.

  • For a case to be assessed, the corrected sheet must be submitted at the end of the session and must include:

    • student identification,

    • completed activity,

    • self-correction in a different colour.

Attendance and submission

  • Attendance at case/PBL sessions is not mandatory.

  • Failure to submit the corrected case at the end of the session results in a grade of 0, equivalent to leaving an exam question unanswered.

  • Attending the session without submitting the corrected case has no assessment effect.

  • Late submissions or subsequent corrections will not be accepted, except where allowed by academic regulations.

5) Individual final project (10%)

An individual research proposal with three mandatory submissions, with tutorial feedback after each submission to progressively refine the final project:
a) introduction and justification with identification of the gap,
b) research question (PICO), objectives and hypotheses,
c) proposed methodology.

Assessment condition: all three submissions and the final proposal must be submitted within the published deadlines. Late submissions will not be accepted except where permitted by regulations.

6) Assessed online forums (+10% extra)

Three assessed forums linked to key course topics will be conducted.
The score obtained will be added as a bonus, with a maximum final grade of 10/10.
Non-participation does not result in any penalty.

7) Second (extraordinary) examination call

In the second call, there will be an extraordinary written exam (essay-based, no multiple-choice test), which replaces the ordinary final exam and carries the same weight (50%).

The following grades obtained during the course will be retained:

  • Midterm exam (15%)

  • Cases / PBL (25%)

  • Individual final project (10%)

Forums will retain their status as a bonus (+10% extra), with a maximum final grade of 10/10.

To pass the course in the second call, students must obtain a grade ≥ 5.0/10 in the extraordinary exam.

8) Publication of dates, deadlines and grade review

Dates, rooms, instructions and deadlines will be published on Moodle, which is the official communication channel for the course.

Grade review will follow the procedure and deadlines established by the faculty.
Rounding and grade recording will be applied in accordance with current regulations.

9) Academic integrity (plagiarism, cheating and use of AI)

Students must respect the principles of authorship and academic integrity in all assessed activities.

  • Plagiarism (assignments and forums): copying or paraphrasing without proper citation, reusing others’ work or presenting third-party content as one’s own may result in a grade of 0 for the activity and the application of institutional regulations.

  • Use of AI (online submissions): online submissions must include a declaration of non-use of generative AI, unless expressly authorised. In the event of a substantiated suspicion, an authorship verification interview may be requested; failure to attend or a negative verification will result in annulment of the submission (grade 0).

  • Cheating or fraud in exams: any behaviour that compromises equal conditions is considered academic misconduct. Reasonable indications may lead to annulment of the exam of the student concerned, in accordance with regulations. In duly substantiated cases of collective fraud, institutional regulations will apply.

Bibliography and resources

Mandatory bibliography:
The mandatory bibliography will be specific chapters of the following books that will be reported during the semester:
David Celentano, Moyses Szklo. fat Epidemiology (6th Edition). Barcelona: Elsevier, 2019.
Kenneth J. Rothman. Modern epidemiology. Madrid: Diaz de Santos, 1987
Piedrola Gil Preventive medicine and public health (12th Edition). Barcelona: Elsevier, 2016.
Grant S. Fletcher. Clinical epidemiology (6th edition). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer, 2021.

Optional bibliography:
During the course, a specific bibliography will be provided for certain contents of the subject.