Universitat Internacional de Catalunya
Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System II
Other languages of instruction: English
Teaching staff
Gd. Oriol CASASAYAS - casasayascos@uic.es
Dr. Albert Pérez i Bellmunt.
Introduction
Structure and function of the human body is a fundamental and basic subject containing different branches of knowledge, which are essential to the understanding of the complexity of the body. Its branches, such as macroscopic anatomy, microscopic anatomy and physiology, help us to understand the structure and function of the musculoskeletal system. This course demonstrates to the students a focus on conveying the idea that the human being is a highly complex and unified structural and functional unit.
This course allows us to study a healthy Musculoskeletal System and see how any alteration can break its balance. A good doctor should know Anatomy, Human Physiology and Histology to know what structures there are in order not to harm the patient in any therapeutic act, with the acquired knowledge, students will know how to apply the treatment in the most effective way so to restore the normal function of the injured Musculoskeletal System.
Pre-course requirements
No prerequisites required.
Objectives
Specific objectives of trunk:
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Knowing the different bones that form the skeleton of the trunk.
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Identify and describe the morphological and functional characteristics of the different joints of the trunk.
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Describe and analyze the mechanisms involved in the different movements of the trunk.
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Identify and describe the vessels and nerves of the trunk.
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Identify the body, the different structures that are located in the vertebral column, trunk and abdomen.
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Identify the anatomical details of the radiologic images of the trunk.
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Palpate certain anatomical details of the vertebral column, abdomen and thorax.
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Solve clinical problems from deductions made with the basic knowledge from the anatomy and physiology of the trunk.
Specific objectives of the lower extremities:
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Knowing the different bones that form the skeleton of the lower extremities.
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Identify and describe the morphological and functional characteristics of the different joints of the lower extremities.
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Describe and analyze the mechanisms involved in the different movements of the lower extremities.
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Classify, identify and describe the muscles of the different regions of the lower extremities.
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Identify and describe the vessels and nerves of the lower extremities.
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Identify the body, the different structures that are located at the level of the pelvic girdle, thigh, leg and foot.
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Palpating anatomic details of the lower extremities.
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Solve clinical problems from deductions made with the basic knowledge from the anatomy and physiology of the lower extremities.
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Through imaging techniques, students should be able to indentify structures of the different topographical regions of the lower extremities.
Specific objectives of Physiology:
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Know the muscle contraction mechanisms.
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Differentiate between muscle fiber types, the prevalence in the major muscle groups and the most appropriate work for each muscle.
Competences/Learning outcomes of the degree programme
- CN03 - Describe the pathophysiology of human body diseases from the clinical perspective and the type of intervention that the physiotherapist has, demonstrating knowledge about the behavior of people, both healthy and sick, as well as the factors that influence human growth and development.
- CN07 - Relate the structural, physiological, functional and behavioral changes that occur as a consequence of the physiotherapy intervention.
- HB05 - Structure the different steps of the scientific method, developing the most optimal methodological skills for physiotherapy in scientific and clinical reasoning and critically analyzing the methods, protocols and treatments of Physiotherapy care so that they adapt to the evolution of scientific knowledge.
Learning outcomes of the subject
- MAT01 - 09. Use knowledge of anatomy and physiology to make an appropriate indicative diagnosis, through clinical cases.
- MAT01 - 02. Identify the structure (anatomy) of the human body.
- MAT01 - 03. Describe the function (physiology) of the human body.
- MAT01 - 04. Explain the histology of the human body.
- MAT01 - 08. Relate anatomical and physiological concepts to clinical practice.
- MAT01 - 05. Relate the anatomical and physiological concepts.
- MAT01 - 07. Identify the anatomical structures in cadaveric pieces and anatomical models.
- MAT01 - 10. Explain the anatomical and physiological concepts.
- MAT01 - 11. Analyze scientific articles on physiology and anatomy following current evidence.
- MAT01 - 06. Identify anatomical structures in diagnostic imaging tests (radiography, computerized axial tomography, magnetic resonance, etc.).
Syllabus
PART I. CLINICAL FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY I OF THE FASCIA.
PART II. CLINICAL FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY I OF THE TRUNK
Introduction to the trunk: concept, locations and parts. Joints of the spine: Intersomatic joints, interapofisiàries, occipito- atlantoidea, lumbosacral and sacrococcygeal. Description and biomechanics.
Dorsal muscles of the trunk: Erector muscle of the spine: iliocostal, longíssim and thorns. Spinotraverse muscles: espleni the cap and coll. Spine transverse muscles: multífids, semiespine, rotators. Interspinous muscles. Intertransverse muscles.
Thorax joints: costovertebrals, costotransverses, externocostals, costocondrals and intercondrals. Thorax muscles: intercostals: Internal and external, ribs push up, upper serratus, lower serratus, thorax transversal and subcostal.
Diaphragm Muscles. Respiratory mechanics. Movements of the thorax walls. Blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
Abdominal muscles: abdominal line, pyramidal, external oblique, internal oblique and abdominal transversal. Square lumbar muscle. Aponeurosis of the inguinal muscles and de abdominal canal.
Arterial, venous, lymphatic of the trunk.
PART II. I FUNCTIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES
Introduction to the pelvic waist: concept. Pelvic waist joints: sacre-iliac joints, hip joints. Description and biomechanics.
Pelvic waist muscles (first part): Muscles of the pelvis: iliopsoas and psoas muscles. Muscles of the gluteal region: general concepts and classification.
Pelvic waist muscles (second part): Gluteus maximus, gluteus medious, gluteus minimus, piriformis, obtunatus internus and externus, gemelli, and quadratus femuris.
Introduction to the thigh: concept. Compartments. Joints of the knee: tibiofemoral joint and femuro. Description and biomechanics.
Muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh: sartori, tensor fasciae latae, quadriceps, femoral, and knee joint. Muscles the medial compartiment of Thigh: pectini, long adductor, short adductor, major adductor, adductor Mínim and gracile.
Muscles of the posterior compartment the thigh: semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris and popliteus.
Regional anatomy of the pelvic girdle and thigh: suprapiriform and infrapiriform foramen. Inguinal triangle. Femoral channel.
Introduction to leg: Concept. Interosseous membrane and compartments. Articulations: roximal tibiofibular, and distal, i proximal distal tibiofibular, articulation of the ankle and foot. Description and biomechanics.
Muscles of the previous compartment of the leg: tibialis anterior, extrinsic extensor of the fingers, extrinsic extensor of the first finger and the third peroneus. Muscles of the lateral compartment of the led: Long and short fibularis.
Muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg: gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor digitorum longus, posterior fibularis and flexor sigitorum of the thumb.
Regional anatomy of the leg and feet. Fossa poplitia. Retinaculum.
Introduction to the foot: Concept. Compartments. Classification of the muscles. Dorsal muscles of the foot: short extensor of the fingers and short extensor curt. Medial plantar muscles: abductor of the thumb, flexor of the thumb. Central plantar muscles: flexor digitorum brevis (cut), lumbricals, plantar and dorsals interosei. Lateral plantar muscles: flexor digiti minimi, oponent and abductor.
Intervention to the lower extremity: Plexe lumbosacre: concept and constitution. Collateral branches
Terminal branches of the lumbar plexus: obturator nerve, femoral nerve.
Terminal branches of the sacre plexus: sciatic nerve.Cutaneous innervation and dermatome.
Arterial, venous and lymphatic vascularization of the lower extremity. Femoral artery, popliteal artery, tibial artery and trunk tibioperoneal. Foot arteries. Superficial venous venous vessels. Lymphatic.
PART III. PHYSIOLOGY
Contraction of the skeletal muscle. Molecular mechanism of the contraction of muscle. Energy origin from the muscle contraction. Mechanic of the skeletal muscle contraction. Special characteristics and anomalies.
Types of muscular tissue. Constitution, function and properties of the muscular tissue. Macroscopic and micros copic structure of the muscle tissue. Motor unit.
Teaching and learning activities
In person
Master class.
Laboratory dissection practice.
Laboratory histology practice.
Bone library practice.
Case Method and PBL.
TRAINING ACTIVITY: self-learning activities practical; lectures; student's independent work-study tutorials.
METHODOLOGY: learning based upon problem-solving cooperative learning; apprenticeship contract; oral presentation / master class case method; problem-solving exercises.
COMPETENCES: 01 06 07 09 10 20 21 22 28.1 40
ECTS CREDITS: 6 ECTS
Evaluation systems and criteria
In person
1st, 3rd and 5th call consists of: 20% midterm exam, 25% practical exam, 40% final exam and 15% continuous assessment.
Midterm exam.
- Date: see schedule.
- Test type: 30 multiple choice questions (including images, diagrams, dissections and images of diagnostic tests).
- This exam will include all the material covered up until the day before (in lectures, laboratory practices and case methods), as well as the content included in the recommended bibliography.
Practical exam.
- Date: the last day of practices in the dissection laboratory.
- Test type: 10-15 questions related to the practical content.
- The wrong question is not subtracted.
- The person who fails this exam fails the subject.
Final exam.
- Date: to be determined by the course coordinator.
- Test type: 40-60 multiple-choice questions.
- All the material explained in the classes (theoretical, practical and case method) is included, as well as the contents included in the recommended bibliography.
- It is essential to pass this exam in order to pass the subject.
Continuous assessment: questions, assignments and tests carried out during the classes (whether done orally or in writing).
OBSERVATIONS:
- You must pass the final exam and the practical exam to pass the subject with a grade equal to or higher than 5.
- To pass the subject, you must have an average grade equal to or higher than 5.
- The person who has passed the practical exam and final exam, but the average does not exceed 5, must take the multiple-choice exam again and achieve a better result in this exam so that the average is equal to or higher than 5.
2nd, 4th and 6th calls consist of: 25% practical test, 55% final test and 20% continuous assessment.
- The final test and the practical test have the same characteristics as the previous calls.
- The continuous assessment grade is the grade obtained during the previous call.
Bibliography and resources
Basic Bibliography
Lorente, Miguel, Pérez y Escalona. Manual de miología. Ed. Masson-Elsevier.
Schünke. Prometheus. Texto y Atlas de Anatomía. Tomo1 Anatomía General y Aparato Locomotor. Ed. Panamericana.
Tortora - Derrickson. Principios de Anatomía y fisiología (11ª edición). Editorial Panamericana. 2006.
Moore K.L.: Anatomía con orientación clínica. Editorial Panamericana. 1996.
Alan Stevens y James Lowe. HISTOLOGÍA HUMANA (3ª edición). Ed. Elsevier. 2006.
A.L. Kierszenbaum. Histología y Biología celular (2ª edición). Ed. Elsevier. 2008.
Welsch. Sobotta Histología (2ª ed). Ed. Panamericana. 2009.
Complementary Bibliography
Rouvière H. Anatomía Humana. Editorial Masson.1988.
F.Netter. Atlas de anatomía humana. Ed.MassonSobotta. Atlas de anatomía humana. Ed.Panamericana.
Evaluation period
- E1 04/06/2026 L4A 10:00h
- E1 04/06/2026 A19 08:00h
- E1 04/06/2026 A20 08:00h
- E2 26/06/2026 L4A 10:00h
- E2 26/06/2026 A15 08:00h
- E2 26/06/2026 A16 08:00h