Universitat Internacional de Catalunya
Body Structure and Function: Gastrointestinal System and Metabolism
Teaching staff
Students will be able to ask questions to the teacher at the end of each class. Outside these hours, an appointment must be requested by e-mail:
Víctor Giménez Esbrí: Coordination and Metabolism (vgimenezes@uic.es)
Michel Zabalza: Anatomy of the Digestive System (michelzabalza@uic.es)
Ladislao Cayetano: Anatomy of the Digestive System (lcayetano@uic.es)
Leonor Cuadra: Physiology of the Digestive System (lcuadra@uic.es)
Natalia Papaleo: Histology of the Digestive System (nataliapapaleo@hotmail.com)
Lucía Ayuso: Metabolism Practices (layuso@uic.es)
Silvia Peñuelas: Case Methods Metabolism (silvianuria@yahoo.com)
Paloma Puyalto: Radiological Anatomy (ppuyalto@uic.es)
Introduction
Pre-course requirements
Intermediate-advanced knowledge of the 1st year Biochemistry course
Objectives
Competences/Learning outcomes of the degree programme
- 07 - Understand and recognise normal structure and function of the human body at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ and systemetic levels, at different stages of life and in both sexes.
- 09 - Understand and recognize the effects, mechanisms and manifestations of disease on the structure and function of the human body.
- 10 - To understand and recognise the agents and risk factors which determine health status, and learn how they determine the symptoms and natural development of acute or chronic diseases in individuals and populations.
- 11 - Understand and recognize the effects of growth, development and aging on the individual and their social environment.
- 12 - Understanding the foundations for action, the indications and efficacy of therapeutic interventions, based on available scientific evidence.
- CTP-3 - To develop critical thinking and reasoning as well as self-assessment skills.
Learning outcomes of the subject
At the end of the course students:
1. Will know the variables of the digestive and endocrine functions and will have the ability to establish relationships between them.
2. Will know the meaning of the main metabolic parameters and their normal values.
3. Be able to observe and understand anatomy, physiology and metabolism in an interdisciplinary and integrative way.
Syllabus
I. ANATOMY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
1. Abdomen and pelvis.
2. Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon and rectum.
3. Liver.
4. Pancreas.
II. HISTOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
1. Mouth and Salivary Glands.
1.1 Microscopic structure of the oral mucosa.
1.2 Microscopic structure of the language.
1.3 Microscopic structure of the salivary glands and excretory secretory portion.
2. Esophagus and Stomach.
2.1 Microscopic structure of the esophagus: Layers of the esophagus. Gastroesophageal junction.
2.2 Microscopic structure of the stomach: Layers stomach. Types of gastric mucosa. Gastric cells types.
3. Small intestine and large intestine.
3.1 Microscopic structure of the small intestine mucosa types and cell types.
3.2 Microscopic structure of the large intestine: Types of mucosa and cell types of the colon and rectum. Anal canal.
4. Liver and Pancreas.
4.1 Microscopic structure of the liver: Type of cells and histological structures.
4.2 Microscopic structure of the exocrine pancreas: Types of cells and histological structures.
III. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
1. Motor activities.
1.1 Functions of the digestive tract.
1.2 Chewing, swallowing and esophageal transit.
1.3 Motor activity of the stomach.
1.4 Small intestinal motor activity.
1.5 Motor activity of the colon.
1.6. Vomiting
2. Secreting digestive activities.
2.1 Salivary secretion.
2.2 Gastric secretion.
2.3 Pancreatic secretion.
2.4 Biliary secretion.
2.5 Intestinal secretion.
3. Digestion and absorption.
3.1 Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates.
3.2 Protein digestion and absorption of peptides and amino acids.
3.3 Digestion and absorption of lipids.
3.4 Absorption of water and electrolytes.
3.5 Intestinal absorption of Ca2 +.
3.6 Intestinal absorption of Fe2 +.
3.7 Intestinal absorption of vitamins.
4. Functions of the liver.
4.1 Functions of hepatocytes.
4.2 Storage Features liver.
4.3 Functions of endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, stellate cells and cholangiocytes.
IV. METABOLISM
1. Energetic Metabolism Review
Metabolism of sugars and lipids. Energy balance. Hormonal control of energy balance. Hormonal control of hunger. Situations lack of energy sources.
2. Metabolism of cholesterol and special lipids.
Absorption and distribution of cholesterol. Products derived from cholesterol. Products derived from phospholipids.
3. Protein Metabolism.
Role of transaminases in removing nitrogen groups. Urea cycle. Oxidation of carbon backbone. Processing pathways of amino acids. Main pathologies of amino acid metabolism.
4. Nucleotide metabolism.
Synthetic routes i dels nucleotide degradation. Accumulation of uric acid.
5. Heme group metabolism
6. Cancer metabolism
Teaching and learning activities
In person
Magistral classes
- Master classes will be taught in all parts of the subject with a duration of 2 hours for each master class
- Attendance to master classes is not mandatory
- 2 questions will be included in the exam of each master class taught
- The entrance to master class will not be allowed after 10 minutes of the beginning of this
- Portable, tablet, mobile or class-like electronic devices are recommended due to the realization of non-evaluable online questionnaires.
Case Methods (MCs)
- Method classes of the case of all parts of the subject will be taught with duration of 2h for each method of the case.
- The case method classes will consist of a 20-minute case method preparation time followed by a discussion with the MC teacher. At the end, a 10-question multiple-choice exam will be administered.
- Attendance to methods of the case is not mandatory.
- Absences will not be accepted, except in cases of high exceptionality
- An online question book will be made in the last 10-15 minutes before the end of each method of the case. These questionnaires will count 15% of the final grade.
- 2 questions will be included for each class of methods of the case in the final exam
Dissection techniques, histology and laboratory (PRs)
- Practical classes will be taught in the parts of anatomy, histology and metabolism in the dissection rooms, computer rooms and laboratory of prtiquesctiques of the department of biomedical sciences respectively.
- Attendance at practical classes is not mandatory
- Absences will not be accepted, except in cases of high exceptionality
- The practice will not be possible without a laboratory gown during classes in dissection rooms or biochemistry laboratory.
- You can not enter the practice classes with delays equal to or greater than 10 minutes.
- It will not be possible to take the examination of dissection practices or the examination of metabolism practices if more than 1 fault has occurred in the respective practical classes.
Evaluation systems and criteria
In person
10% Dissection Practice Exam
- 1 exam will be held on the identification of anatomical structures of the digestive system in the dissection rooms on the day established in the official schedule of the 2nd year of the degree in medicine
- It is mandatory to obtain a minimum average grade of 4 in this section to pass the subject
10% Histology Practice Exam
- 1 multiple-choice exam will be held at the end of the histology practices
- It is mandatory to obtain a minimum average grade of 4 in this section to pass the subject
10% Online Tests Case Method
- 1 multiple-choice exam will be held online in the last 10-15 minutes at the end of each case method class
- The tests will have 10 questions and you will have 10 minutes to complete them
- It is mandatory to obtain a minimum average grade of 4 in this section to pass the subject
10% Laboratory Practices Metabolism
- An exam will be held on the last day of the in-person practical sessions.
- The exam will be multiple-choice and will contain 7-8 questions. Each incorrect answer will deduct 0.25 points.
- Students with 1 or more unexcused absences will not be able to take the practical exam
- It is mandatory to obtain a minimum average grade of 4 in this section to pass the subject
50% Final Exam
- The final exam will consist of 36 questions, including two questions for each Master Class taught in the subject.
- The exam will be multiple-choice and will last 36 minutes.
- Each mistake in the exam will deduct 0.33 points from the final grade.
- The exam will be held in the computer classrooms
- It is essential to pass this exam with a minimum grade of 5 to pass the subject.
10% Case Methods Exam
- The Case Methods exam will consist of 32 questions, including two questions for each Case Method taught in the subject
- The exam will be multiple-choice, will last 32 minutes, and will be held on the same day as the final exam.
- Each mistake in the exam will deduct 0.33 points from the final grade.
- The exam will be held in the computer classrooms
- It is essential to pass this exam with a minimum grade of 5 to pass the subject.
Relevant information for the assessment of the subject
- The percentages of the assessment elements are maintained in the calculation of the grades in the second call. They may be maintained in successive calls if necessary, once confirmed with the person responsible for the subject.
- It is mandatory to obtain a minimum grade of 4 in the practical exams of dissection, histology and metabolism, as well as in the tests carried out during the case method classes.
- To pass the subject, it is essential to obtain an average grade equal to or higher than 5 in the final exam and in the case methods exam.
Bibliography and resources
G. Tortora. Principios de Anatomía y fisiología, 11a ed. Panamericana (2006).
Drake, R.L. et a. Gray Anatomía para estudiantes, 2a ed. Elsevier (2010).
Shünke M. et al. Prometheus (tomo 2), 2a ed. Panamericana (2010).
A. Stevens. Histología humana, 3a ed. Elsevier (2006).
A.L. Kierszenbaum. Histología y Biología celular, 2a ed. Elsevier (2008).
E.N. Marieb. Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7th ed. Pearson Int. Ed. (2007).
Mezquita. Fisiología médica, 1a ed. Panamericana (2011).
L.S. Costanzo. Fisiología, 4a ed. Elsevier (2011).
Champe. Bioquímica. 3a ed. Wolters Kluwer.