Universitat Internacional de Catalunya

General Surgical Pathology 1

General Surgical Pathology 1
6
8405
2
First semester
OB
Main language of instruction: Spanish

Other languages of instruction: Catalan, English

If the student is enrolled for the English track then classes for that subject will be taught in the same language.

Teaching staff


Dra. VALLS ONTAÑÓN, Adaia - avalls@uic.es

After classes.

At any other time, having set a date and time with the student via email.

jlopez@uic.es

gperez@uic.es

avalls@uic.es

 

Introduction

General Medical-Surgical Pathology 1 of the first cycle of Degree in Dentistry is part of the core subjects of the programme and aims to explain all medical and surgical pathologies that dentists must know and study during university studies.

It is a mistake to consider Dentistry as a degree based solely on the study of the oral cavity; as in many cases the dentist will require broader medical knowledge in order to provide a global and integrated perspective of patients and their associated pathologies.

 

Pre-course requirements

There are no pre-requisites

Objectives

THEORETICAL


· Acquisition of the concepts of health, disease, ill, fall ill/get a disease.
· Concepts of Etiology, Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology and Clinical Semiology.
· Study of Medical Pathology by organ systems and their oral impact.
· Study of surgical pathology and its oral impact.
· Study and initial treatment of medical-surgical urgencies in situations related to the dentist and their daily practice.

PRACTICAL 

· Development of a clinical history. History and physical examination. 
· Knowledge and use of basic equipment for the taking of vital signs. Sphygmomanometer and stethoscope

 

 

 

 


Competences/Learning outcomes of the degree programme

Acquisition of scientific basis of dentistry, professional values, ethical behaviour and appropriate clinical skills.

Acquisition of knowledge of the overall medical-surgical pathology, which should form the basis for achieving and subsequently being able to apply appropriate capabilities to diagnose, predict and plan for dental treatments

These competencies will be achieved through a series of methodologies based on: lectures, clinical session seminars and lab practices

 

 

  • 08 - Knowing how to share information with other healthcare professionals and how to work as part of a team.
  • 14 - Being aware of the general processes of the illness, including infection, inflammation, alterations in the immune system, degeneration, neoplasm, metabolic alterations and genetic disorders.
  • 18 - Being aware of, critically evaluating and knowing how to use sources of clinical and biomedical infomation in order to obtain, organise, interpret and communicate scientific and healthcare-related information.
  • 20 - Obtaining and creating a medical record containing all the relevant information.
  • 35 - Knowing the scientific principles of sterilisation, disinfection and the antiseptics necessary to prevent cross-infection in dental practice
  • 38 - Being aware of clinical and laboratory-based procedures and diagnostic tests, knowing their reliability and diagnostic viability and being competent in interpreting the results
  • 39 - Recognising oral normality and pathology, as well as the evaluation of semiological data
  • 58 - Knowing the general pathological characteristics of the illnesses and disorders that affect organic systems
  • 61 - Knowing the pharmacological grounding for the various anaesthetic techniques, both local and general, as well as the role of sedation and general anaesthesia in terms of managing dental patients
  • 62 - Conocer y manejar las emergencias y urgencias médicas más frecuentes en la práctica odontológica y en las técnicas de reanimación cardiorrespiratoria básica
  • 63 - Having knowledge of human nutrition, particularly the connection between nutritional habits or diet with the maintenance of good health and the prevention of oral and dental diseases
  • 73 - Applying loco-regional anaesthetic techniques

Learning outcomes of the subject

Having acquired the competences referred to throughout the course while making the most of the skills taught during traditional lectures, seminars and laboratory practices.

  • 3.01 - Identify the most important characteristics of the different groups of medicines: pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, indications, dosage, contraindications and adverse effects.
  • 3.02 - Using information sources of Pharmacology
  • 3.03 - Know the most relevant precautions in prescribing and administering medications in the dental patient in relation to their own pathology and concomitant medication.
  • 3.04 - Have thorough knowledge in general medical pathology.
  • 3.05 - Have thorough knowledge in General Surgical Pathology
  • 3.06 - Have thorough knowledge in nutrition
  • 3.07 - Obtain and develop a medical history that includes all relevant information
  • 3.08 - Perform a general physical examination and registration of vital signs
  • 3.09 - Control of anamnesis and basic general physical examination
  • 3.10 - Ask and interpret the results of the general complementary explorations ( laboratory-image- functional)
  • 3.11 - Conduct a differential diagnosis, a provisional diagnosis and a definitive diagnosis.
  • 3.12 - Diagnosing and treating medical emergencies and basic CPR in a dental clinic.
  • 3.18 - Learn the techniques of anxiety control
  • 3.19 - Know the pharmacological treatment of pain
  • 3.20 - Knowledge of oral manifestations of systemic pathologies
  • 3.21 - Know how to explore at physical oro-maxillo-facial level and interpret laboratory complementary examinations and image
  • 3.22 - Knowledge of smoking and its treatment
  • 3.23 - Use basic equipment for taking vital signs. Sphygmomanometer and stethoscope
  • 3.24 - Interpret the main analytical determinations: normal and pathological values
  • 3.25 - Use with precision instruments of suture
  • 3.27 - Know how to act when a cardio-respiratory arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Syllabus

A. THEORETICAL CREDITS

PART 1. Medicosurgical GENERAL PATHOLOGY

  

1. Health and disease. Elements of the disease. Manifestations of the disease.

2. Determinants of health. Prevention of disease. Health indicators.

3. Clinical pathology and its division. Definitions.

4. Clinical and propaedeutic general. Etiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology and clinical semiology. Diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic.

 5. Inflammation. Components of inflammation. Evolution of the inflammatory process.

6. Semiology of infections:-Predisposing factors. Entrance doors. Manifestations of infection.

7. Patient’s and material’s asepsis and sterilization.

8. General principles of wounds. Wound types.

9. Pathophysiology of wounds. Treatment of wounds

10. Scarring. Biological basis of healing.

11. Healing abnormalities

12. General principles of burns: -Type. Classification

13. Prognosis and treatment of burns.

14. Surgical conditions of the skin. -Inflammation and infection

15. Skin and oral tumors. Diagnosis and treatment

16. Postsurgical infections.

17. Nosocomial infections. Clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention  

18. Fever. Pathogenesis, pathophysiology. Fever patterns.-Classification of the main infectious agents. Fever of unknown origin

19. Infectious diseases (I): Major bacterial diseases, bacterial endocarditis, tuberculosis, brucellosis

20. Infectious diseases (II): Major viral infections: cytomegalovirus, herpes, Epstein Barr virus, HIV.

 

II. SPECIFIC MEDICAL SURGICAL PATHOLOGY.

 

21. Semiology of the cardiovascular system. Arterial and venous pulse. Physical examination of the cardiovascular and complementary examinations.

22. Diseases of the veins. -Venous insufficiency, thrombophlebitis, thrombosis. Lemièrre syndrome

23. Diseases of the arteries.-Acute and chronic arterial insufficiency -Diseases of the great vessels. Arteritis,…

24. Fat embolism. Pathophysiology and clinic treatment.

25. Embolism. Pathophysiology and clinic treatment.

26. Cardiovascular (I) -Cardiac arrhythmias.

27. Cardiovascular (II) -Ischemic heart disease. Medical treatment. ATB prophylaxis & anticoagulants.

28. Cardiovascular (III)-Valvular. -Heart Failure

29. Cardiovascular (IV) -Overview of cardiovascular surgery. valve surgery

30. Cardiovascular (V) -Surgery for ischemic heart disease.

31. Semiotics of the respiratory: cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, cyanosis, chest pain. Physical examination of the respiratory system.

32. Respiratory Investigations.

33. Respiratory (III) Respiratory-tract infections

34. Respiratory Tract (I)-Shortness of breath -Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

35. Respiratory (II)-Bronchial Asthma 

36. Respiratory (IV)-Pneumotorax. Tumors bronchopulmonary

37. Respiratory (V)-General thoracic surgery.

38. Semiology of the hematologic system. -Hematologic syndromes: definition and classification.

39. Hematology (I): Anemia. Iron deficiency, megaloblastic, haemolytic.

40. Hematology (II): clotting disorders.

41. Hematology (III): White Series diseases and lymphatic system.

42. Hematology (IV): diseases of the lymphatic system. Paciente Inmunodeprimido: VIH y otras enfermedades. Paciente inmunodeprimido médicamente: trasplante, autoinmunes

43. Semiology of endocrine system. Hypothalamus-hypophysis-glands feedback

44. Semiology of metabolic system Basic nutritional principles. -Pathophysiology of metabolism: carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids.-Major alterations in metabolism. Alimentary deficits. Impact of deficient diets on oral health: veggie (vit B12), keto-diet (escorbuto) 

45. Endocrinometabolic Systems.-Diseases of the thyroid and the parathyroid glands.-Diseases of the adrenal glands.

46. Endocrinometabolic. System-Diabetes mellitus. - Disturbances of lipoprotein.

 47. Endocrine Surgery: Thyroid, adrenal

48. Endocrine Surgery: Neuroendocrine tumors.

 49. Semiology of the renal system.-Diuresis disorders. -Disorders of urination, urinary syndrome. Physical examination and complementary examinations

50. Nephrology: Acute and chronic renal failure. Diseases of the kidney and urinary tract. Urinary Tract Infections. Hemodialysis: when dental treatment is recommended.

51. Urologic Surgical Pathology (I): kidney stones, obstructive uropathy, hydronephrosis.

52. Urological Pathology (II): benign and malignant tumor pathology. Renal transplantation.

53. Semiotics of the nervous system: -Semiotics of cranial nerves. Vertigo, ataxia, aphasia, apraxia, dysphagia.  Location-Syndromes. Physical examination and complementary examinations. Differential diagnosis between central and peripheral pathology.

54. Pathology of the central and peripheral nervous system (I): Infectious diseases of the nervous system.

55. Pathology of the central and peripheral nervous system (II): headache.

56. Psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety, psychosomatic disorders, eating behavior disorders. Management in the consultation. Impact in oral health (medication, vomiting, …) 

57. Neurosurgical Pathology (I): brain and spinal cord tumors

58. Topic 4. Neurosurgical Pathology (II): Neuralgia, neurosurgical treatment of pain

59. Eye Surgical Pathology.

60. ENT Surgical Pathology. Sinusitis. Oro-antral communication.

 

 B. PRACTICAL CREDITS


 
1. – Six-month assignment

There will be a semester work that will be carried out by groups of five people. The subject of the works will be linked to the agenda of the theoretical classes of the semester, being of free choice between one of the topics that the teaching staff will inform the student (link to moodle). The maximum extension of the works will not exceed 10 DIN A4 pages. It will be done with Microsoft Word text treatments and plagiarism will be evaluated by Turnitin.

2. - Laboratory practices

There will be a total of 6 hours of practice. During the first semester the student will perform a practical session on:

-Learning and making of a medical history.
-Taking vital signs: blood pressure. Heart rate and breathing.
-Physical Exploration. -Cardiac and respiratory auscultation.
-Orofacial and cervical exploration.

 

Teaching and learning activities

In person



General Medical-Surgical Pathology 1 is a biannual course with a total of 6 ECTS, 60 hours of lectures and 6h of practices for each of the 2 groups of students. The lectures that make up the program for each semester will be delivered throughout the course. Duration of the master classes will be of 2 hours, leaving the last minutes for questions and doubts on the lesson taught.

Frequency of classes is two days per week.

Attendance and participation, both face-to-face, blended  and online, will be taken into account in the final score of the subject (10%).

Practical sessions constitute the second part of the course. Within these sessions, there will be two types of activities:

-Laboratory practices, or seminars
-Semester work 

 

Evaluation systems and criteria

In person



Student evaluation will be as follows:

Theoretical final exam ..................... 70%
Practices ....................................... 10%
Assignment ....................................10%

Continuous Evaluation......................10%

Questions in the theoretical final exam will be multiple choice (5) with a single correct answer with the value of 1 point. A wrong answer will subtract 0.25 points.

The subject will be evaluated and graded according to an absolute score of 10 points, obtained according to the following scale:

a) Fail: 0- 4,9 (SS)

b) Approved: 5-6.9 (PA)

c) Remarkable: 7-8,9 (NT)

d) Outstanding: 9-10 (SB).

e) High Honour: implies having obtained an "Outstanding" plus a special mention, and its number may not exceed 5% of the enrolled students.

 

1. Class attendance is not compulsory. But attendance and attitude / participation in classes will be taken into account. Questions asked through the kahoot / moodle / collaborate platform will be used as a continuous assessment and will count positively up to a maximum of 1 point (10%).

2. The theoretical-practical knowledge acquired will be evaluated through a final semester exam. This consists of 60 test questions with 5 possible answers. Those answered correctly will add 1 point, while incorrect answers will subtract -0'25 points. The exam will compute 70% (7 points) of the final grade, but it is mandatory to pass it to pass the course. Similarly, to be able to take the final exam, the student must have turned in all the assignments and have attended all the practices, except if the absence is justified. 

3. The written work will count 1 point (10%), and the quality, the reviewed bibliography (cited according to Vancouver standards) and the absence of plagiarism will be evaluated through the Turnitin program. 

4. Attendance at practices and seminars is mandatory. Each of the tasks carried out after the clinical practices carried out in the classroom will be evaluated by the teachers, computing a maximum of 1 point (10%).

 

 

 

Bibliography and resources

FARRERAS ROZMAN : Tratado de Medicina Interna. Ed.  Harcourt Brace.

HARRISON’S : Principles of Internal Medicine. Ed . Mc Graw Hill .

VARIOS AUTORES:  Textbook of Surgery. Ed.  University of Oxford.

LOUIS F. ROSE - DONALD KAYE: Medicina Interna en Odontología. Salvat Editores.

BALCELLS GORINA : Patología General. Ed. Toray

NOGUER MOLINS - BALCELLS GORINA : Exploración clínica práctica. Ed. Científico-Médica

Evaluation period

E: exam date | R: revision date | 1: first session | 2: second session:
  • E1 18/01/2027 A01 08:00h
  • E1 18/01/2027 A22 08:00h
  • E1 18/01/2027 A03 08:00h
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