From the University to the world
Universitat Internacional de Catalunya
Orthodontics 2
Orthodontics 2
4
9249
3
Second semester
OB
Main language of instruction: Spanish
Other languages of instruction: Catalan, English
Other languages of instruction: Catalan, English
Teaching staff
The head instructor is Dra Maria Angela Mayoral
Students that wish a meeting with any Orho 2 professor or ask any question should write previously an email to amayoral@uic.es .The meeting can be done face to face or online.
Thursdays from 10.30h to 11.30h available for any questions.
Introduction
Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics is the area of dentistry involving the supervision, guiding and correction of the growth and maturity of dentofacial structures. This includes scenarios requiring the movement of teeth or the correction of altered or abnormal skeletal relations through the application of force and/or the stimuli and direction of the functional forces of the craniofacial complex.
The main responsibilities of orthodontic practice are the diagnosis, prevention, interception and treatment of all forms of malocclusion of the teeth and the associated abnormalities of the bones and soft tissues; the design, application and control of functional and corrective appliances; and the guiding of dentition and its support structures to achieve and maintain optimum relations between the face and cranial structures in physiological and cosmetic harmony.
Due to its basic and essential nature as part of dental training, Orthodontics is justifiably incorporated as a core subject taught over three clinical courses in the Dentistry degree programme
Pre-course requirements
Students must have adquiered in Orthodontics 1 the knowledge necessary in oclusion analysis, facial analysis, panoramic radiograph analysis and the growth of the craneofacial complex. This knowledge will allow a better comprehension of the lectures given in Orthodontics 2.
Objectives
The educational objectives for the subject of Orthodontics comprise a set of teaching activities that
must be progressively introduced to students in the theoretical and practical knowledge that a general
dentist must have. The theoretical syllabus during the first year of the subject (Orthodontics 1 and 2)
has a general objective and four main sections: The general objective is to know how to diagnose from
the point of view of the orthodontist but with an interdisciplinary overview of all specialties of Dentistry.
The four sections are:
1) Introduction to Orthodontics and review of the structures and functions of the stomatognathic system;
2) Study of dentofacial growth and development;
3) Study of the etiology and classification of malocclusions; and
4) Study of the different diagnostic methods of orthodontic problems in order to know how to make
a list of problems, some treatment objectives and begin to get involved in the elaboration of the treatment plan.
The objectives of the laboratory practices are the practical application of theoretical
knowledge and the acquisition of reasoning and manual skills necessary for
the diagnosis of malocclusion and the preparation of appliances.
Competences/Learning outcomes of the degree programme
- 01 - Being aware of the essential elements of the dental profession, including the ethical principles and legal responsibilities it involves.
- 03 - Knowing how to identify the concerns and expectations of patients, as well as how to communicate effectively and clearly, both orally and in writing, with patients, family members, the media and other professionals.
- 04 - Understanding and recognising the social and psychological aspects that are relevant in terms of treating patients.
- 05 - Knowing how to apply the correct principles to control anxiety and stress in oneself, in patients and in other memebers of the dentistry team.
- 07 - Promoting new knowledge and techniques being acquired through autonomous learning, as well as the motivation to achieve quality.
- 08 - Knowing how to share information with other healthcare professionals and how to work as part of a team.
- 09 - Understanding the importance of keeping and using patient files in order to subsequently analyse them, while ensuring patient confidentiality is maintained.
- 10 - Knowing and being able to identify the psychological and physical problems derived from gender violence in order to train students in the prevention, early detection of, care for and rehabilitation of the victims of this type of violence.
- 11 - Understanding the basic biomedical science Dentistry is based on in order to ensure that adequate dental healthcare is provided.
- 12 - Understanding and recognising the structure and normal function of the stomatognathic apparatus, at a molecular, cellular, tissue and organic level, during the various stages of life.
- 13 - Understanding and recognising the science behind the essential bio-materials involved in dental practice as well as immediately managing potential allergies to these.
- 14 - Being aware of the general processes of the illness, including infection, inflammation, alterations in the immune system, degeneration, neoplasm, metabolic alterations and genetic disorders.
- 15 - Being familiar with the general pathological characteristics of the illnesses and disorders that affect organic systems, specifically those which have dental repercussions.
- 17 - Understanding and recognising the principles of ergonomics and safety at work (including the control of cross infection, radiation protection and occupational and biological diseases).
- 18 - Being aware of, critically evaluating and knowing how to use sources of clinical and biomedical infomation in order to obtain, organise, interpret and communicate scientific and healthcare-related information.
- 19 - Being aware of scientific methods and having the critical ability to evaluate established knowledge and innovative information. Being able to formulate hypotheses, collect and critically evaluate information in order to resolve problems, in accordance with scientific methods.
- 20 - Obtaining and creating a medical record containing all the relevant information.
- 21 - Knowing how to undertake a full dental exam, including the necessary X-ray and complementary exploratory tests, as well as obtaining suitable clinical references.
- 22 - Having the ability to make an initial diagnostic judgement and establish a reasonable diagnostic strategy, as well as being competent in recognising situations that require urgent dental treatment.
- 26 - Knowing how to plan and undertake multidisciplinary, sequential and comprehensive dental treatment of limited complexity for patients of all ages and conditions and for patients who require special care.
- 27 - Outlining and proposing suitable preventative measures for each clinical situation.
- 32 - Knowing the biomedical science on which Dentistry is based in order to ensure adequate oral and dental care. This science must include material on: (a). Embryology, anatomy, histology and the physiology of the human body (b). Genetics, Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology and (c). Microbiology and immunology.
- 33 - Knowing the morphology and function of the stomatognathic apparatus, including material on embriology, anatomy, histology and specific physiology
- 36 - Knowing the danger of ionising radiation and its impact on biological tissue, as well as the legislation that regulates its use. Knowing how to manage dental radiodiagnostic facilities
- 37 - Undertaking the x-rays that are necessary in dental practice, interpreting the images obtained and learning about other important image-based diagnosis techniques
- 40 - Identifying the main reason for the consultation and the history of the current disease. Creating a general medical record and a clinical record which accurately reflect the patient's notes
- 59 - Knowing the oral manifestations of systemic diseases
- 62 - Conocer y manejar las emergencias y urgencias médicas más frecuentes en la práctica odontológica y en las técnicas de reanimación cardiorrespiratoria básica
- 64 - Undertaking basic oral and dental pathology treatments for patients of all ages. The treatment procedures should be minimally invasive and based on a comprehensive and integrated approach to oral and dental treatment
- 69 - Identifying patients who require special care, recognising the characteristics and peculiarities of such cases
- 72 - Appropriate medical prescriptions, while being aware of their guidelines and warnings, systemic effects and repercussions on other organs
- 75 - Identifying, evaluating and attending to medical emergencies which may arise during clinical practice and apply cardiopulmonary recuscitation techniques; manage severe infections, including pharmaceutical prescriptions and simple surgical aspects
- 76 - Identifying and dealing with any dental emergencies
- 79 - Treating dento-alveolar trauma in temporary and permanent dentitions
- 88 - To undertake non-surgical treatment for temporo-mandibular disorders and oro-facial pain
- 89 - To undertake bucco-dental treatment on young patients and recognise its characteristics and peculiarities
- 91 - To plan and determine the specific characteristics of the design, records, prescription, clinical trails, placement and clinical adjustment for fitting removable and fixed space-maintainers and interceptive orthodontic techniques as well as extractable active elements destined to reposition teeth or correct an overbite
Learning outcomes of the subject
- 4.116 - Know and recognize the etiology of malocclusions
- 4.122 - Know how to make a correct analysis of the plaster models
- 4.124 - Recognize anatomical structures in the lateral skull radiography
- 4.125 - Know how to make a cephalometric analysis of a lateral tele radiography of the skull
- 4.126 - Know how to make a list of diagnostic problems and structure it properly
- 4.127 - Know the biological basis of dental treatment, its mechanical and biomechanical principles
- 4.129 - Acquire skills in bending wire
- 4.130 - Know how to make a removable orthodontic appliance
Syllabus
Anatomy of the teleradiography of the crani.
Introduction to cephalometry, history, points and planes. Steiner cephalometry. Interpretation of Steiner's cephalometry.
Ideal occlusion: Lleis d'Andrews.
Etiology of the malocclusions.
Diagnosis of oral pathology to orthopantomography. DAPs.
Posturology
Diagnostic integrat: List of problems, Objectius de Tractament, i (introduction to ...) Pla de Tractament.
Teaching and learning activities
In person
Classes and seminars will be held according to the subject in any of the three official languages of UIC Catalan-Spanish-English.
The course is divided into three groups M1, M2 and M3.
All the teaching load will be done face to face.
1. Master classes: They teach basic knowledge. They include the necessary bibliographic references for the study and extension of the treated subject. There will be face-to-face .
2. Seminars: They are a review of the theoretical syllabus, with a much more practical side, which allow a more agile student-teacher interaction. They are done during internships.
3. Laboratory practices: Practical application of theoretical knowledge. They help to acquire the scientific diagnostic thinking and manual skills. They will be done in groups M1,M2,M3.
4. Tutoring (voluntary): Monitoring and individualized help of the student's progress especially for those who have learning problems or for those who have failed the subject.
Evaluation systems and criteria
In person
In person
Theoretical exam (face-to-face)
The theoretical exams of the subject of the ordinary calls consist of questions with multiple answer and / or questions of short answer. Exam questions may be in English if the class has been taught in that language.
The questions will be projected on the classroom screen.The student will have a notebook with the possible answers to the questions.The first sheet of the notebook will be the answers template where the student should mark with an X the answer he considers correct to the question shown on the screen.
Students with special needs will do the same exam but in a different classroom.
Multiple-choice questions have only one valid answer and will be deducted 0.20 points for each incorrect answer.
The theoretical exam is passed with a minimum grade of 5, after the incorrect questions have been deducted.
If, at the request of the Academic Secretary, a student has to take the exam on another date or in a format other than the test, an oral exam face-to-face will be held with a panel of at least two teachers.
Orthodontic Practices 2
General rules of Orthodontic practices
- The evaluation of the practices is continued. Each day what the student does will be scored.Each exercise will be qualified from 0 to 10. - Attendance at internships face-to-face is mandatory. - To pass the practices of Orthodontics 2 it is necessary to have done a minimum of 70% of the practices, and that of the average of all the practices of the subject a minimum of a 5 is obtained. -The student must be informed of the material he needs to carry out the practice well in advance. Because to do the internship is essential to bring or have the printed internship dossier, which can be purchased at the copy shop or downloaded from Moodle, along with any additional material needed for each specific practice.The material of the practices on photos will have to be in color. - The student must bring / have the laptop at each practice. - The dressing gown is essential in all face-to-face practices, both in the classroom and in the laboratory. Attendance at the practice is not allowed without the gown.
COVID norms are of mandatory compliance while the pandemic lasts.
- Punctuality is required, whether the practice is face-to-face , in order to meet the objectives of the practice as well as out of respect for teachers and peers. Delays imply a decrease in the qualification of the practice. It is considered late to arrive 15 minutes late for practice. - The assignment of the job in the laboratory is personal and non-transferable throughout the course in the face-to-face practices. - During the face-to-face practices the student is responsible for the material delivered by the faculty and must use it correctly and return it in the same conditions in which it was received. The workplace must be cleaned at the end of the face-to-face practice.
Evaluation of Orthodontic practices 2: - In addition to the continuous evaluation of the practices, during the course there may be evaluations of different formats. For example, short pre-practice exams in which the content of the subject that has already been taught in the theoretical class, in practice or in the theory of practice is evaluated. - In the continuous evaluation the following are valued: The punctuality, the attitude, the participation, the putting in practice of the theoretical knowledge acquired, the progress of the manual ability, the cleanliness in the presentation of the works. - The practice will be scored with a zero in the following cases: 1. If the student does not show up for the practice, regardless of the reason. 2. If the attitude of the student or the quality of the work is very deficient. 3. If the student disrespects the teachers or auxiliary staff. 4. If the student alters the order or the good coexistence in the laboratory, 5- If the student does not bring the material necessary to do the practice.
Final note of the subject of Orthodontics 2 The final mark of the subject will consist of a corresponding part of the theoretical exam (70%) whether it is done in person, and another that will correspond to the mark of the practices (30%) To establish this average, both parties, both theoretical and practical, should be passed.
Review of exams The revision of exams face-to-face will take place on the day and time indicated by the UIC Secretariat. Class representatives will be set up to review in person, the doubts will be discussedand if mistakes are found, changes can be done.
Those students that want to review the exam on-site should ask their class representative. No admission to review will beaccepted if it isn't being informed previously to the representative.
The final objective of the exam review is to detect mistakes incounting the answers. It will never be a personal class to review eachquestion. The exam would have been previously reviewed by theprofessors and class representatives
Bibliography and resources
Basic bibliograpghy:
1. Proffit W R, Fields H W. Contemporary Orthodontics. 6ª ed. Mosby 2019.
Additional bibliography:
2. Canut J A. Ortodoncia Clínica. 2ª ed. Masson 2000.
3. Bravo González LA. Teoría y Pràctica de la Ortodoncia. Ed. Lisermed 2023.